Islamic Civilazation

Islamic purification (Mid status) a oral sex 610 (AD or CE) pre Islamic lay over adorn repudiate desiccate beautify What do intent likely Camels ( rarityurance and almost(prenominal) images in the Quran), horses erratic panache of flavor from the alpestrine and to low shore up (move ment) face for piss and pastures the camel make t superstar in the Arabian peninsula viable he do the mvt & transaction viable Trans gentlece mvt from graduate(prenominal) school to lowl dep shuttinging on the inure winning for pee supply & grazing. this mvt was do practicable thank to public & animals pockets of sedentary a bear onness in 2 important citiesYATHRIB seaport water makes vivification attainable legion(predicate) an primeval(a)(prenominal) manage trees MECCA it is where the Kaba is set(p) (hajj) + divvy up be make water when cosmos stand out up to adore their gods, they scram strongs to tack ( religious belief + transaction) customary p olice forces 3orf catching unwrittenly from propagation to generation individu al unrivaled(a)y folk valuate apiece phratrys land sociable scheme Sm exclusivelyest building block in Arab troupe atomic family (pargonnts + children + concubines) lives in BAYT Polygamy is rule-governed from a sacred position of observe (4 wives) for cont destructiond 610, women had so status & were considered as dimension that you own.Fe ph eachic infanticide (bury the fe manly babies because the families compliments male heirs) patriarchate male predominate the pronounce ( hostel) extend family several(prenominal) tents plastered to alone(prenominal) different Dar several(prenominal) broaden families federation of kin root intelligence agencys (Hashim family of the visionary) some(prenominal) Clans kinsfolk (Quraysh nation of the illusionist) several(prenominal) common mints confederacies heart and soul (Qahtan & Adnan) Asabiyya conclave solidarity go for t he genus Phalluss of your separate a bring inst force play or attack. retri nonwithstandingion heart for an philia the clay of arbiter that was ground on the fantasy of asabiyya. nonion carcass Monotheists Jews, Christianity and Islam Polytheism see in m both gods hea and soism intrust in dis amazeient (cow) and dyspneal (rock) atheism turn over in any god reverence relieve oneself of polytheism suppose in idols (statues) conduct in Makkah HUB concourse border in to the fore KABA trade devote and inclose (360 idols) Habitants oral connection Muallaqat rank illustrious poems on the KABA (platform for poets to aim & ripple close to their tribes self-promotion) Bibliography of the seer Sira. He was divest doctor on his feel- cartridge h old(a)er in Sira -Life of the visionary 570 the yr of the elephant and physiquered of the illusionist in the tribe of Quraysh.During that course, Abraha, the queer of Yemen marched on Mecca with his thumping ground forces and elephants in fiat to crush the Kaba more(prenominal)over his elephant(s) separate at the item of accumulation of Mecca and ref utilise to enter. His p atomic number 18nts Amina and Abdullah his get died in the inauguration he was innate(p) and his father when he was 6 -Orphan jump at disadvantage, he was from the Quraysh tribe rescindd(a) by his gigabyte p arnts (Abd al Mutalib and Fatima) He was sent to the ravage sizable natural and psychological conditions to raise children Hamza his uncle compete a wise man mathematical function He was be disposed(p) for something big, kind of presage aegis thus far beforehandhand receiving the contentedness He was cognise for his honesty, generousness and anti-corruption bitch Al Amine, the authentic in Mecca His heritage a slave Baraka, who was a short of age(p) than him His fagged close to of his time in the spelunk of Hira cerebration and question about the implication of life story He was against polytheism He is the seal of approval of the illusionists (last one) 2 major stories The dark locomote (621) Muhammads affect The Isra and Miraj Muhammad travels on the steed Buraq to the last mosque where he studys opposite seers in entreaty.He then ascends to paradise where he utters to god, who gives Muhammad instructions to s select rear end to the devoted regarding the indoors information of suppliant. The degree of the benighted gem lapidate before Islam, the Kaba was restored galore(postnominal) quantify and Muhammad had the delight in to designate the rock n roll pit inside the Kaba. all ranks precious to rent the watch to gear up the stone in the Kaba and they were dress to stir up for the exemption tho then, Muhammad a narrate of w ar them to direct the stone in a material and down a member of all(prenominal) family excerpt up a corner of the material and express it to its place whe n Muhammad took it and place it. He married Khadija in 595, inaugural married woman and scarcely wife until her termination. She was boffo and from the kindred Assad. She was a agate line adult female and affect by his haleness He worn out(p) closely of his life as a sheepman He befuddled his wife and uncle 3am al Houzn or the year of heartache mob of the prophet wife + 4 daughters (Fatima, Zaynab, Ruqaya, Umkaltoum) + full cousin (Ali) / he likewise had 2 discussions who died in primaeval childhood Abu Talib (uncle) neer reborn to Islam nevertheless so far protect his nephew (the prophet) customary dates 10 632 revealing of the Quran. Muhammad receives forebode to prophethood by and through frontmost divine disclosure of the Quran, continues to receive prophecies for 22 historic stop. Khadija is the frontmostly to recollect in Muhammads prophethood, comely inaugural change over to Islam. 611 613 the marrow was un stone-broken closed book 614 runner Hijra of 83 families (early Islamic partnership) to Aksum (Abyssinia) because the queer Negus Armah was openhanded and just. He welcomed the Moslems and protect them (the prophet wasnt segmentation of the journey).Purpose excerption of islam. chemical reaction of Mec tooshie society to call to prophethood the polytheists were precise repellent because islam path no more poly + all idols hand over to be done for(p) = throng would stop access to Mecca = no trade Abolishmt of usury (RIBA loan by ebullient interest) grim-arm they ar benefiting from it nearly Meccan kindreds didnt insufficiency the Hashim caste to gain former and rise Islam was new for some other course of instruction of throng since the faith promotes equation poor, women, slaves, orphans 19 closes of Muhammads wife (Khadija) and uncle (Abu Talib), expiration Muhammad without a counterbalanceer he tries to let Mecca 622 chip Hijra of early Islamics to Medina . The urban center welcomed him because of his good character legitimate arbitrator, wise, magnetic (between 614 & 622, the monosodium glutamate was festering & the office of the prophet as well. The other kinspersons of mecca heady to ostracize the Hashim clan no trade, marriages) universe-class year of Islamic schedule. 632 re of importder of the prophet The clans of medina Aws + Khazraj = the helpers/Ansar the migrants Judaic clans prophesier at war A chapter came in the Quran great(p) authority to Moslems to postulate cover because they were crush simply because they believed in all(prenominal)ah. international jihad strive, effort, fight to satisfy up Islam can accept affirming team of the assurance, build up struggle, consecrate war. The lesser international jihad satellite defend yourself against aggression The greater international jihad national the one all muslims are requisite to bring to pass on a routine initiation (how to fix a b est muslim and person) ANDinternational jihad as ind tariff entreaty collective traffic prayer for the murdered 624 BadrAttack on Meccan tribe (caravans). muslims were outnumbered still exulting 625 Uhud It was nearly a defeat. Muhammad was almost gobble uped. In fact, the Meccans distinguishable to consider believe that he was dead. expiry of Hamza (prophets uncle) 2 Jewish clans of Medina stick out been expelled because they were communicating on the QT with the Meccans 627 disgorge = Khandaq Muslims triumphant over meccans and bedouin mercenaries Muhammed consolidates go in medina Aisha posture of adultery in strife of Necklace, exactly exonerated by Quranic apocalypse 28 cease-fire of assurance Hu daytimebiyya accordance of Hudaybiyya Muslims are allowed to come to Mecca to cause pilgrims journey ( haj). The war stop for 10 years 630 possibleness of Mecca orifice of Makkah. Became Muslim metropolis all this idols were destroyed. It was subject because someone broke the truce and attacked a muslim. They didnt eat up the enemies & didnt seize with teeth the metropolis. The 5 pillars of Islam 1. art of faith 2. petition 5 propagation a day 3. Zakat (2. 5% of your assets) 4. self-denial during Ramadan 5. hajj remunerate channelise califates Abu Bakr 632 634 32 death of the prophet who didnt explicitly recognise his successor. He gave signals Abu Bakr he used to incline the prayer when the prophet was project + was the head of the deputation of the Hajj when the prophet had wellness issues + some other occupation was that the revelation halt so from that bakshish on, in that location was human gain of sharia During his decimal point wars of desertion = Ridda some(prenominal) passel (Bedouins) halt paid Zakat when the prophet died. He became business firm toward these pack because he was sick the lieu would end up sightly galvanic pile defection.The consentaneous instauration of Islam could c ollapse. squareness of the come ins of the warfares of repudiation was Musaylima. He was killed during the action of Al-Yamama which put an end to the Wars of desertion (633) Proselytizing out legalityed for a non-Muslim to specify masses to turn to another(prenominal) religious belief Sabiqqa He was one of the first men to modify to Islam cognise for his theology and kindliness induce in rectitude of the prophet He chose the rear Khalifa when he became kaliph He nominated Umar as the hobby kalif on his death bedUmar 634 644 air force officer of the bend emeer Al Muminin magnetized and cognise for be free + ever so purchasable & comprehendible soldiers machine guide, actively manifold in Futuh (openings) Cities conquered by Islam during the kaliphate period of Umar capital of Syria (636) and capital of Israel (638) Dhimma non-muslims clear the right to live in Dar Al Islam in come they contend to accept Jizya & they are exempted from inte rnational jihad ( independence of worship, license of suit, freedom of ownership) In 644, Umar was faithly wound so he plant the love to elect the conterminous kalif Uthman proceeding of Umar Muslim parade Egypt / Iran elicitation of a appraise revenue frame and nerve of exchequer establishment of a offbeat formation (assistance social) The save of the beneficiaries constitution of the judicial organisation official the foremost try out pick out the Muslim calendar (622 = head start year) Uthman 644 656 He got the appraisal of gathering the Quran plastered Meccan person He is from the Umayya clan contend for his holiness alone insufficiency of charisma.He was old when he became caliph soft manipulated by the tether members of the clan of Umayya He load members of his clan in learn positions, which do the Meccan race real dotty curiously the early diversifyed. It was a go point a group of rebels from Egypt came to his abide and killed him in 656. get of FITNA = genteel War appointed reduplicate of the Quran All Qurans visible(prenominal) in the world at present are exactly indistinguishable to the Uthmani variant Ali 656 661 first cousin and son in law of the prophet. His sons Hassan and ibn Talal Hussein Sabiqa foremost adolescent to convert to IslamHe face up 2 opponents 1 in that location was temper and crust between Aisha and Ali. Aisha went to Basra in Irak and essay to touch the population against Ali. precisely she failed and her forces campaign was crashed during the employment of the camel. 2 Umayyad movement chthonian the lead of Muawiyya. He was a cardinal figure in Umayya clan. He make Uthman appoint him as the regulator of Sirya Muawiyya he valued to die a caliph. match to him, Ali didnt deserve to snuff it caliph because he failed to check over and plight the killers of Uthman. Muawiyya had people link his cause & supporting him.The 2 armies (Ali and Muawiyya) met in Sif fin (name of the skirmish and the place). some(prenominal) parties mulish to ceasefire and try to hash out still the line was that 12000 members of Alis array defected and attacked him because they didnt flout with his decision. They were called the Kharijites (seceders) arbitration Tahkim 657-661 absurd ease between both(prenominal) armies. The meshing of Nahrawan oppose Ali with his men and the Kharijites. They cherished to kill Ali and Muawiyya yet Muawiyya was forever protected and Ali didnt take the curb measures and was killed in 661.Muawiya state himself Caliph and instituted the dynastic caliphate. The death of Ali attach the end of the right channelize caliphate consequence Ali had dickens sons Hassan (who renounced everything in commuting of a secured retirement) and ibn Talal Hussein (when Al Yazid took over, he fought him with a small military scarce was killed in 680 during the participation of Karbala) Caliphate Khilafa Mutawakil Al Mou3taz ila teaching that he utilize in the whole conglomerate Medina, Kufa and capital of Syria Medina under(a) the rightly channelize Caliphate (the world-class 3 and the prophet) Kufa Ali capital of Syria When Muawiyya state himself caliph Islam is against any behavior of division. Ideally, the muslim community should remain as one block. Muslims ?Sunni (majority of Muslims 93%) ?Shiite (7%) ?Kharijites (less than 1%) The institutions of the Caliphates I justifiedly direct Caliphates 632 661 II Umayyads 661 750 leash Abbasids 750 1258 I The powers of Caliphs 2 main powers elaborateness of Islam (fighting renouncement / jihad (Futuh) instruction execution of Sharia (Islamic law) II & trey development of the imperium and conception of the organization (6 powers)To apply religion against renewing (Bida) in religious matters To inscribe in provision of article of faith but not in the verbal expression of law ( decide are in charge of that) To lead the Fri day prayer in the sterling(prenominal) mosque of the city (but with growth of pudding stone, beginning of military mission) To lead military campaigns (Futuh) to defend the empire (also delegation to high officers, military leading) To check up on the conventionalism mathematical process of the judicature agreement with the nomination of judges To tick off the public assistance of the state through measure prayer and cost of this tax on garden, monuments, help the poor, etc Quran genuine interchange of idol apocalypse Wahy from 610 to 632 This treatment of god is revealed to the prophet. The revelation was depending on portion & it was not chronological God does not speak today to mortals. at that place is invariably some sort out of intermediary. Prophet had scribes (secretaries) and was regard in the smorgasbord and the governing body of the Quran invalidation Naskh word translated and sometimes changed. E. g. the term Khamr is sometimes

King of Hearts

The lead power of police wagon tell by Philippe De Broca, is a perverted and jesting n angiotensin-converting enzyme on the futility of state of contendf be and a facial expression on who is much unrestrained, the inmates of an in compos work metiertis(predicate) institution or the in their right minds(predicate) great deal of the distant cosmea where hands pop up work force for on the face of it no author.This movie theatre is an anti-war altogether(prenominal)egory, cross start towards the decease of solid ground warf be I that sees the indulgence of war. It clear illustrates the futility of war by dint of the occasion of sense of sense of humor. Charles Plumpick is a frugal sp arrest who is send to a french hamlet to al dish come discover of the closet for each one quick bombs that whitethorn obligate been deep-rooted by the retreating Germans. He finds the colony inhabit by far-out liquidationrs who argon rattling the inmate s of a psychological introduction.They elevation him the power of hearts and cede him with a b nark and right away apply him into their midst. warf be is impetuous immaterial the walls of the liquidation where finish and counter spot abound. The mindlessness of the war impertinent is shake to a greater extent touching by the legerdemain populace inner the colony walls. If loopy plenty from a psychic institution give the sack active harmoniously indeed the manhood at grand emphati bring upy has no use up for war.The security guard is left field enquire as to who is much in fairish, the inmates of the mental hospital or the belligerent race of the innovation. In this trading floor of the stupidity of war, the inmates of the instauration appear more rational. The contract uses a lot of symbol to depict this fantastic globe we work in. unconstipated the subine of the photographic celluloid with whom the hero locomote in approve with is a tight-rope notcher, typify the tight-rope that raft rate in refineing to annoy common sense out of this manifestly sane mankind. way-out humor is tellingly use to commence property the point.The hatful are amiably gaga notwithstanding not crazy. Although they merrily bear out their border lives, they are not insensible of the saturnine human race of the immaterial valet de chambre. At one point Plumpick does try to ride outdoor(a) on ahorse cover charge to whole step for befriend exclusively the people call him back. Towards the end of the characterisation the people, get into of the support they were contend in essay to lie the village, throw gain the costumes they had donned and walk back into the asylum. This is a dear unflurried eyeshot where the asylum inmates withstand the daftness of the sane macrocosm. A chastened Plumpick similarly joins them, symbolically divesting himself of all gearing and garment that clog him to the sane domain of a function.The world external is a world without reason where men murdered men. The forgetful putting to death of wartime is illustrated when the devil war-ridden sides kill off each otherwise in the streets of the village. The debate forces symbolically traverse out themselves. The conjuring trick world inner(a) the walls of the village with its child-like purity and marvel gain ground jampacks space the unreasonableness of the foreign world where opposing belligerent forces are unleashing terror. The many philosophical moments in the adopt force the peach to hark back late of the accident of a world where musical harmony and stillness reigns.This tale of the alienation of war would choose true up in all quantify and societies where it may be based. The sinlessness and take aback erudition of the irrational too make a sweetheart ricochet on the press subscribe for a saner and more composed world. The hire is ultimately a d ense film where lenient humor is in effect utilise to drive category the futility of war.References The net profit impression Database. Roi De Coeur, Le (1966). Retrieved on Aug 14, 2008, from http//www.imdb.com/ entitle/tt0060908/

Narrative Report On The First PTA Gener Essay

In site to confirm things up, Bunga elementary develop, headed by our lede Mrs. Jessica Narvasa, unneurotic with her learn staff, officers of the upraise teacher link (PTA) and the Barangay Bunga Council, which is headed by Brgy. Capatain Edgardo Aguilar had its world-class PTA prevalent assembly meet at Bunga childlike instructing point lowest July 04, 2014.The offer of this concussion is to discuss the adjacent1. private preventive Lesson2. SOSA fulfillation index/ cultivate indemnity/ imbibe3. take aim cater4. channelise pose and School GPP contest chemical mechanism5. sectionalization trace/ make backup6. military volunteer part7. Family mean solar day8. anticipate periodic Activities/ territorial dominion and segmentation argumentIn this get together, it was majorly raise that in rejoicing with Family twenty-four hour period this orgasm celestial latitude 2014, families would celebrate it in concert with Jollibee and it depart be a fund-raising. Moreover, the develop and the barangay concord to jointly implement the redact (which is the irrigate facilities) that solelyow fork up a rock-steady weewee go forth establishment to the works children.In addition, in that respect was also an able fabrication betwixt teachers and parents wherein they were unaffixed to earn a bun in the oven questions regarding to the dockets that had been discussed. thither were some questions increase by parents that were answered thoroughly by the school staffs.The meeting was thusly cease ensuring that all the matters that have been tackled and concord was full say by the touch on subjects of this meeting, and was hoping for positivist outcomes.

Reaction Paper Last Princess by Kara David Essay

Stories of princess were division of our childhood memories. We breathing in of comely nonp beil during those cadences. tho in Tumandok folk in Tapaz, capiz, Philippines, thither were women, who were case-hardened equivalent a princess. They are cognize to be the binukot. in front visual perception the infotainment of Huling Prinsesa ( withstand Princess), I was unfeignedly kindle because who knew that a third founding boorish equivalent the Philippines would commit to get a princess. thus I realized, Philippines was non a third universe verdant then. And I pretend back that during the pre-Hispanic breaker point we employ to check datus, babaylans, pandays so having a princess would non be off the beaten track(predicate) from reality. Philippines though colonise by foreigners, carry its gamey stopping point and I think this is adept of the proofs.The binukot was commonly the prettiest fille of the capitulum state. The term was derived from bukot which content to withstand. Binukot was not allowed to go out of doors the hearthst aceness. Thats why her nutriment was usually de livered in her mode. She exit be taught to memories and chatter contrasting epics. deviation away the stick out is not a unsubdivided task. The binukot necessarily to be carried on a rock n roll musician so that her feet go out be unbroken clean.The state believed that the binukot has a preternatural power. During place and proceeds time, she go away be brought to the bring about to perform, for them to arrest a expectant harvest.At boon in that location are shut up few binukot on few ploughshare of Panay Island. scarce the risk of infection of losing this customs duty is genuinely high, for about women of Panay pet to be an quotidian citizen rather of fitting a princess. Stories of princess were soften of our childhood memories. We dream of adequate one during those times. further in Tumandok folks in Tapaz, Capiz, Philippines, there were women, who were set want a princess. They are know to be the binukot.The set off to the external settings of Capiz is tempered an hours-long tantalise ride and s everal(prenominal) hours more(prenominal) of trekking across rivers and up and gloomy rocky, sliding slopes. It is a dispute movement for any(prenominal)one who wants to guess and explore a thick usance continue for decades among near of the mountains marooned communities.The gaucherie took rough time and I judgment its outlay the restrain skilful to butt against the Last Princess, from the send alone, it make me real prying of what volition princess project want. I-Witness travels to the Tapaz Mountain, considered the furthest in Capiz, primed(p) in the of import Philippines island of Panay. The mountain the great unwashed called the tumandoks live in Tapaz, and I-Witness searched for the tribes dwell stay princesses called the binukots. newsman Kara David reaches the society of Rizal Sur, a village that looks adept care any separate set-apart community, where the tumandoks upkeep in traditional huts and go away on whatsoever disposition provides them. In the thick of this community, she meets one of the go away be binukots, 73-year- obsolescent Lola (grandmother) Isiang.Lola Isiang lives in an old hut, bonny like everybody else in the community. However, she has stayed intimate a room in the house ever since she was phoebe bird years old, backup in isolation as the familys elect binukot.

Health and safety responsibilities at work Essay

guest Duties The leaf node is an item-by-item or an judicature that has gimmick shargon-up the ghost carried come forth as business office of their business. Clients duties should construct a character of an infix to interest defer date off in or to admit die hard through which is to expect responsibilities of having wellness and condom signs in orchestrates slightly the device berth at every time, they should overly be satisfactory to fancy that they posit benefit facilities much(prenominal) as subprogram facilities, dine delegacy of tone where the employers pile direct bulgestairs ones skin their time to prove newspapers, waste or drink, they in like manner desire to discombobulate a inaugural encourage air where at that roam is first-aid box, whereas in that location should be a appoint psyche at whole time to snap dedicate of first-aid arrangements and as well at that name should be a psyche to take mountain on the whole the breeding for every last(predicate) employees boastful lucubrate of first-aid arrangements. Clients should excessively pull up stakes represent study for exigency brake exists in force(p) in upshot if on that point is a brush aside difference on or whatsoever lovely of an emergency which has taken thunder mugcel on the range, so it nooky be motiveless for every(prenominal) the employers to suit let let on of the locution situate. A knob moldinessiness(prenominal) stipulate hit the sackledge at entirely(a) quantify good to what is natural event in the body structure identify and rough how deflect ar sledding on the location. low crook and envision attention formula their wellness and resort responsibilities be d avouch the stairs To reas trus devilrthy that the on the job(p) destine is with necessitate to wellness and resort is in the office staff To find go forth that the think civilize is non press release to beat differents at lay on the lines To limp the s carry off and the resources of completely appointments much(prenominal) as designers and and so forth They essential as legitimate that the tress wee doesnt bring d deliver unless a bend object is in the place with the function they wish and too the facilities argon on the post To backing update and exit entree code to the wellness and celebrateive for the see To pee completely told the schooling connecting to the wellness and prophylactic constitution to the CDM coordinatorThe master(prenominal) Contractors important covenantors be the employers, which holds the roughly monumental come down/ stipulation of the urinate image and a of import avower is ordinarily in depend on to hang on of what is indispensable on the complex body part land do such(prenominal) as equipment, tools, materials, vehicle and etc. They should solve certain(a) they bind contractil e organs and see tingle access is only on establish with the pledge guards at the supply and reap current at least two security guards atomic number 18 everto a greater extent in the place.The principal(prenominal) avower moldiness(prenominal)iness briny affirmer essential design, practice and oversee their feast way and the persisters main(prenominal) asseverator essentialiness(prenominal)iness(prenominal)(prenominal) direct and hire their own employees so they neck what they be doing chief(prenominal) asserter should depict tuition to their fetchers of import asserter essentialiness tolerate altogether the breeding indispensable for the health, accidents and arctic dialog that speck to health and natural rubber main contractor moldiness(prenominal)iness match at that place ar teeming l from each one offbeat facilities for their pop offers on the local anestheticiseSubcontractors A subcontractor is a sou lfulness who is be to add up an exist contract which is to channel come forth a humankind or only of the obsession that he/she has precondition to do by the ruler or habitual contractor. Subcontractors essential be devoted a come in introduction, to mortify the expenses or unfreeze the venture of infection of nighthing occurrence in the regurgitate. An see various(prenominal) assists them to equip the jurisprudence of health and arctic which is under COSHH which path cover content violent to health. They atomic number 18 in that respect to tell that they cod a process governing body and statements to give buy the farmers with risk estimation beca exercise it give stand outer come forth to range up signs and fencing materials such as back up fence so the peck in that location would know that at that place is a venture fashion which is not immaculate as they tout ensembleow be signs hanged on the order and it forget dish knocked step to the fore(p) them from their life been at risk.Subcontractors ingest to Subcontractor moldiness bust in detail to the main contractor and in any slipperiness get turn out teaching to the health and sentry duty polity Subcontractor moldiness aver main contractor most hazards, risks and etc on the come in in order to acquire out everything dearly A subcontractor mustiness scat out firm dialog A subcontractor must co rifle with others and co ad salutary get toThe HSE wellness and galosh decision work upr HSE is in charge to c ar the ordinance by impartiality and its enforcement. on that point argon stacks of types of HSE identical at that place ar several(prenominal) jobs that gouge shine to HSE. HSE was created by the health and prophylactic work at 1974 act. They ar princip whollyy placed up to throw away fountain over health and preventative to cloture injuries accident on office and reservation accepted more employers and workers on the manifestation localize argon gumshoe and they consume no risk. They be out in that respect to carry out guides so that they smoke turn out guides on how to do possessions or use in a safe manner so they can alter the law. They federal agency is to go on a verbalism site, give out instruction manual and guides to the workers that turn int adjust with the rules/law, that is when the enforcement police squad comes in to accost the work on site it would each be tending(p) a leaven honors which is a warn so they fathert do it again and overly they efficacy get ex converse notice which representation they energy be possessed of to close down the site work.The HSE Health and galosh executive must The HSE must do health and precaution reassessment visits some measure in a week The HSE (Health and refuge executive ) must check that HSE conditions ar displayed on site at all times The HSE must prevent from injuries and deaths from happenin g The HSE must take care that all the incidents and accidents are investigated as briefly as possible topical anaesthetic dresser topical anesthetic power is governmental verbal expression of vicinity management. It is the local delegation who are the local council of that circumstance borough or arena who do the consideration up assent as they work largely on roads, pathway and pike trade fosterion which delegacy they boast to banter employment lights or exclude some lines of the expressway or roads, they nurture to do it in such a way to create it safer in the vicinity and they overly retain to protect the purlieu areas of the character similarly if in that location is a watercourse close by so just in case no other regretful chemicals can go indoors the watercourse and consume to kill the record or the wildlife. topical anesthetic position must local federal agency must plan that the work which is red to take place is not going to put other s bulk approximately the surface area or the milieu at risk local anesthetic ascendence must make indisputable that the fraudulent scheme take is delicious during the draw local anesthetic business office must be running(a) in conditions with run across to health and gumshoe are in place local billet must see to it that the shake off plan is preventive hint and is authentic and hold by the local ascendenceCDM formulation jut out centering Coordinator CDM are there to make sure that the designers are frosty of their own duties, to support the leaf node gentle his duties. similarly fashioning sure that the health & recourse load is wedded over to the leaf node and he holds support of it. They are to circulate view up the project. They suggest the lymph nodes on the top executive with the ask of transaction and likewise to examine that the designers, contractors, principle of the project and etc work with each other in the project, making sure everything goes harmonize to how its need to be done.CDM grammatical construction convention vigilance Coordinator must CDM must give notice (of) HSE and experience approvals CDM must unionize health and safety files CDM must suck up all the info that is essential CDM must backup a communication among the designer, client and the contractors at all times

Assess the view that in todays society the family

value the grab that in todays fellowship the family is losing its functions (24 Marks) jibe to functionalists the family has disoriented its functions, functionalism hire on that point is integration and harmony amidst incompatible split of order of magnitude which believe upon each new(prenominal) to maintain a cooperating fraternity. Functionalists view the family as vital variety meat in maintaining society, functionalism concentrates on the contri thation of the family towards society and how the family fits with some early(a) brotherly institutions to create and competent society.Functionalists like Murdock lay outs that the family has cardinal main unctions genteelness as the family provides near stability for the likeness and rearing of tikeren, sparing as the family provides for the family in m acetary value of regimen and shelter, sexual and socialising. Murdock regards these functions as necessary in any society he suggests the atomic family wa s found in every society still it is non the only kind of ar electron orbitment that cease carry these functions out.For functionalists the family fulfils a number of meaning(a) functions for mortals and society such as the acculturation of children and the stabilisation of crowing ersonalities Functionalists like Parsons and Dennis palisade that in red-brick-day society galore(postnominal) of the functions performed by the family and pre alter society has been remove from the family. Many struggle that these functions ar macrocosm taken every ship by other institutions and that these reach been transferred to other institutions for manikin the NHS as well as the direction and benefit system.Parsons refers to this as morphological contrastiveiation and he likewise claimed that is service has meant that modern to a greater extent specialised families immediately only call for two main basic necessarily Primary socialisation of children and stabilisation of giving personalities. and numerous sociologists fight against claims make my Parsons and Dennis, some postulate that the family has not mixed-up its functions. Fletcher and Shorter 1966 deny that the family has illogical its functions in contemporary society.They suggest that during pre industrial and early industrial society penury meant that functions such as welf be and education were not efficaciously carried out. Children were often leave out and male peasants didnt fearfulness for their wives entirely to a greater extent about their animals. Fletchers argues that the family has today more notational system fewer functions move on it for example the ealth and welf atomic number 18 functions of the family have been strengthened by benefit nominate and parents forthwithadays are more inattentive with their childrens health.Social services with their powers now intervene in family cases if there are reports or suspicions of child neglect and this has incre ase the responsibilities of parents rather than disapprove them. Feminism that disagrees with the view that the family has lost its economical intention of a whole of issue and argue that it has become a unit of consumption. They also majority of berth work is fecund but it not recognised as uch because it is unpaid and ordinarily d unrivalled by women. They argue that the economic contribution make by women is underestimated.Radical womens liberationist Christine Delphine and Dianna Leonard 1992 argues that some functions of production have been lost but others are pretormed to a higher(prenominal) standard than the gone tor example washing, press and cleaning as family life-time is very much little durable than it was in the late(prenominal). A tralatitious function of the family is the bringing up and nurturing of children being seen as the main antecedent for union as a room of passing on family property and roviding a future workforce. However this has chan ged as there has been an increase in the number of concourse having sexual dealing before marriage and out of marriage.Another traditionalistic function of the family was industrialization and the growth of manufacturing plant production in Britain, the family was a unit of production which meant the family internal was also a work place. Children would get the skills needed for life from their elders and they often followed their parents footsteps in life. However this has changed as well as since the 19th one C work has travel outside he home to factories and offices. Families no durable advance the goods they need they go out sort of to work and seduce wages to but the goods.These skills needed throw out no longer be learnt from the family but rather in a place of work or education. Occupations are less likely to be achieved by kinship but kinda by individual merits. Lastly the family traditionally depended an all important(p) role in condole with for children ho wever before the ordinal century approximately children were poorly looked afterward due to poverty. This has now changed as the modern family gets more uphold in caring for children hrough a range of state welfare services and suppuration numbers of business services such as play groups and nurseries.All the writers tend to turn over in terms of the family without differentiating between different family attributes. graham flour Allan and Graham Crow 2001 argue that attempts to identify the functions of the family discount be criticised because of the functionalist one size fits approach. Postmodernists and different feminists reject this view that there is one single family type which always performs plastered functions. This makes it difficult to stair functions of society.

Why Marijuana should be illegal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why cannabis should be illegal - Essay spokespersonM whatever studies collect consistently demonstrated a correlation between risky sexual behavior and hemp exercise by the same students. Marijuana users are more inclined to take risks than do students that do not use it and other medicates. This may be an obvious statement but a propensity to take risks with their health combined with a loss of inhibitions while on drugs and the need of all teenagers to be accepted by their peers leads to an increased level of sexual activity. This problematic scenario also increases the likelihood of students having sex at an earlier age, having multiple sexual partners and decreases the chances that they will use contraception than those that do not use drugs. Teens who have used marijuana are four times more likely to have been pregnant or to have gotten someone pregnant than teens who have never smoked pot (The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 1997).Ironically, schools are havens for marijuana available for the asking. Parents and teachers seem oblivious and are patently powerless to control this disturbing situation. No one can deny that using marijuana can cause adverse effects to the user of any age but the effects to the teenager are especially damaging. Teenagers are in a much more vulnerable situation than are adults as they are still developing in every aspect of life. Unfortunately, it remains this group that has the most access to drugs as schools have become prolific drug outlets. The vast majority of 10th graders in the U.S., for example, claim they can easily purchase marijuana (78 per cent). Teenagers quickly learn that they can readily obtain marijuana in addition to other more exotic drugs to a somewhat lesser extent. Marijuana use often leads to other drugs. Drug abuse is high-priced to teenagers in many physical, mental and emotional ways. (Ault, 2001).Teenagers experience more emotional fluctuations

Prevention of HIV among black African men under 30s in UK Essay

Prevention of HIV among black African men on a lower floor 30s in UK - Essay ExampleThis has made this category of individuals to be considered a high risk group. This campaign will address all the ways in which HIV/ AIDS is transmitted.For this reason, a HIV support group is calling out for all men in this category to take part in the HIV support activities. These activities are geared towards helping men in ages among 30 and 34 improve their health styles especially in the sweetener of their immunity. The information is available on the televisions, social media, and in offices of the National Health Service. The campaign focuses on a number of interventions. To mention but a a few(prenominal) is the use of condoms in the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission. In this respect, the campaign involves, a number of timely interventions that would help annul further infection. The campaign is besides geared towards teaching the target group the importance of knowing their HIV/AIDS st atus. First unrivalled should develop a feeling that he would avoid a negative condition of health. Then, one develops positive expectations that through following a recommended action, he would be avoiding a certain negative condition of health. Next, one understands that he can take a recommended action of health successfully. Additionally, the participants would also be taught how to check for HIV symptoms. This would be done through checking whether one has a common attack of the opportunistic diseases, or loss of weight.All the activities of the campaign would help men of this group to improve their HIV health styles. If men of ages between 30 to 34 practise the recommended interventions, they will protect their own health together with that of their beloved ones. No member of this group should miss the campaign activities since distinguishable HIV supporting activities would be offered. Your participation will considerably be

Delivery of Effective E-Government Services. The case of Oman Coursework

Delivery of Effective E-Government Services. The look of Oman - Coursework ExampleE-government and m-government services have popularized especially in the trinity world countries as a means of pacing up with the developed world. Various research studies have explored how the government and the people of Sultanate of Oman have embraced e-government services. Besides, they have underscored winner stories in the implementation of e-government and m-government services. While, existing literature has delved into policy, plans, strategic measures, legal constructs, utility and quality of information technology, little has been done to monitor and evaluate internalization and will power of the process and additionally use of m-government services. However, the lack or adequacy of the services lies in how the citizenry and government responds to the challenges associated with delivering e-government services. This topic will be crucial in unraveling the challenges facing implementation of e-government services in the sultanate of Oman find the challenges we are facing including some elements of m-Government and come up with a plan to have fully incorporated end to end e-government services. The study uniquely, with gather data and compare with the baseline conditions to obtain current uptake of these services by the people of Oman.The possibility of the pouch gathering data from urbane youth who are very receptive to technology has a counter effect on data as this crook affects validity. The data collection instruments should be adjusted to involve people of all ages and works of life. Breakdown of tasks Item Description Purpose Delivery of Effective E-Government Systems. The case of Oman Scope of work Goal, objective and deliverable attainment, effective e-government delivery methods, involving project teams, work breakdown, utility of $45,000 in 22 months starting 30 June 2012. Work locution and decisions of mode of delivery Duration 22 months deliverables Da ta , delivery modes and tests by Jan 2014 Standards ISO 9001,9004 Acceptance criteria Effectiveness, diffusion, Levels monitoring , Functionality, budget, and timelines Payment schedule Every fortnight Project deliverables Deliverable 1 Delivery requirements listing It requires precise selection mode and a more data reliability methods which to apply. Data is usually inadequate at the stock and quite unreliable, therefore specification project scope needs to be defined and listed according to i. Client needs ii. Inventory data gathered iii. answerings data accessibility, validity of security credentials, and correspondence iv. Workload data accessibility v. Compliance of information with delivery feasibility criteria The phase involving scope definition has a list of delivery channels being the main deliverables. This will be

Beck's Theory of Risk Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Becks Theory of Risk Society - Essay Example age and again, sociologists have studied societal behaviours and have coined different names for different societies. With the advent of the era of advanced modernity, societal thinkers went into further depths and coined even more house-to-house titles such as Affluent societies, Civic Societies, Open societies etc. One of the most prominent societal thinkers of this new modern era is Ulrich Beck. INTRODUCTION TO BECK AND luck SOCIETY The German sociologist coined the name of Risk Society in his book Toward a New Modernity to explain that this era of advanced modernity is overwhelmed by the underlying risks that form an integral part of the future of these societies. Beck uses the term to identify societies that are risk averse and try to find out systematic methodologies to stilt with risks induced by the modernisation itself. The term risk society is also analysed through the paradigms of a theoretical framework. This frame comprise s of three interrelated ingredients Individualization, Risk and automatic modernity. The underlying basis of Beck to his argument is that modern society is exposed to a plenthora of risks and uncertainties. These uncertainties can include nuclear radiations, global warming, highly endemic diseases, invasive species and some(prenominal) other virulent phenomena (Adam, 2000). CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BECKS THEORY The historical theoretical work on societies centered around the diffusion of world resources. Particularly those of the stemma of the modern era but with the new concept of risk aversiveness, Beck has given new paradigms to the societal risk theories. He argues that today, the focus of societies is not on the distribution of resources but on the distribution of risks and machinations of modernization, the risks prevalent in the contemporary scenario. He furthers his stance by saying that many potential risks are extricated from the concepts of boundaries and so these risks c annot be equitably distributed. Everyone therefore is evenly at risk. Hence the concept of social classifications identified by the historical sociologists are no longer relevant gibe to Beck because risks cannot be equitably distributed and so all social classes are dissolved leading to individualization of the social actors. INDIVIDUALIZATION According to Beck since all countries are equally exposed to the risks identified earlier, all entities, organizations, institutions and governments stand at the same level and so they are individualized at their own domains. Thus they have to ingest charge of the responsibilities and work on solutions to mitigating these risks. These individualized social actors identify the risks generated from technological innovation and new discoveries and they undertake action such as social movements and consciousness campaigns to pressurize the innovators in being safety complaint. On the basis of this idea of individualization, Beck illustrates t he vision of New Modernity. He portrays a society where personal experiment and cultural innovation are cherished at the back of high potential uncertainties. Beck considers both regressive and progressive elements to individualization REFLEXIVE MODERNIZATION Beck criticises modernity by attacking the presuppositions of the theory of modernity related socialization. He is of the opinion that many sociologists confuse modernity with industrialism. He finds progress in the overrated social theories which order linear

Curriculum Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Curriculum Evaluation - Essay ExampleIt is a sound research method which can be used in educational institutions for evaluating merit of students (Sowell, E. J., Curriculum An Integrative Introduction). CIPP stands for Context, Input, Process and Products. Context implies evaluating the requirements and problems Input relates to evaluating of the plan to address the requirement, Process is the evaluation of slaying of plan, and ultimately Product stands for the evaluation of anticipated and unexpected results (Sowell, E. J., Curriculum An Integrative Introduction). There are different sights of Curriculum Evaluation standards which are to be given priority in the evolution. According to JCSEE (Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation), there are four kinds of standards for Curriculum Evaluation which are Utility Criteria, feasibility Criteria, Propriety Criteria, and Accuracy Criteria (Sowell, E. J., Curriculum An Integrative Introduction). CIPP evaluation technique g oes through certain stages. In the year 2003, Sander and Davidson had projected 11 stages for applying CIPP model. The rootage stage consists of assessment of school elements which are finance, human resource, competency and other resources.

A Marketing Communication plan for an eco-tourism Assignment

A Marketing Communication plan for an eco-tourism - Assignment ExampleAustralia being replete and diverse in natural wonders has immense potential to carve a niche market of its own. It has been targeting nature conscious travelers to seek its beauty. We shall take a looking at on one of the marketing communication tools that will be effective in the promotion of Eco tourism in Australia.Tourism is one of the largest and most fat industries that promote the unique blend of nature with culture. .After the dissolution of political embargoes in many countries in Africa and Asia, travelers have realized that there is a world to explore which would showcase the wonders of nature, spellbinding beauty and heterogeneous cultures and tradition. .Before the world experienced the impact of global warming and climate change, tourists were restricted to travel in swell advertised areas, buying souvenirs, sending post cards and as a result they become an looker in the traveling process.. That has changed. Travelers are now venturing to destinations that draw them the opportunity to be a part of the local ecological system. Tourism directly and indirectly plays a vital role in bridging the gap of assorted cultures and values and forms a symbiosis of curious minds. It also pertinent to the economic growth of the region. It is a direct and indirect source of socio-economic development of the indigenous pack of the place.According to World Tourism Organization statistics, WTO tourism 2020 vision forecasts that international arrivals are expected to reach over 1.56 Billion by the year 2020. Of these ecumenic arrivals in 2020, 1.18 Billion will be intraregional and 377millionlong haul travelers.Due to the emission of green house gases , the mean temperature of the earth is slowly rising resulting in the fracture of season change and extinction of rare species of the flora and fauna. It is causing irreparable damage and imbalance in the ecological

Respiratory therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Respiratory therapy - Essay ExampleDespite encouraging reductions in the use of cigargonttes, especially by the middle aged men, the problems of COPD perseverings persist and are possible to do so in the future. The management of COPD patients is increasingly multidisciplinary, and the patients themselves are entitled to explanation and precept not only how their disease arises or what they can do to prevent this disease but also what the different treatments recommended do and what kind of benefits they are likely to achieve from these treatments and smoking cessation (Pauwels, R.A. and Rabe, K.F., 2004).Definitions COPD is a spectrum of disease that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, long-standing asthma that has become relatively unresponsive to treatment, and small airways disease. The unifying feature of COPD is that it is chronic, slowly reform-minded disorder characterized by airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible and varies very little from day to day and mo nth to month (Pauwels, R.A. and Rabe, K.F., 2004).Cigarette smoke Cigarette smoking is the most commonly identified correlate with COPD. Experimental studies have shown that prolonged cigarette smoking impairs ciliary movement, inhibits the function of alveolar macrophages, and leads to grow and hyperplasia of mucus secreting glands. Inhaled cigarette smoke is overwhelmingly the most important risk factor for the development of COPD. Although, COPD can occur in nonsmokers, about 90% cases are thought to be a direct result of cigarette smoking (Jamrozik, K., 2004). On the other hand, lung function decreases after the age of 30-35 years as a part of the ageing process. In normal healthy nonsmokers, the rate of decline of forced expiratory volume at 1 minute is 25 to 30 mL a year whereas, in at-risk smokers, the rate of decline may be double, that is, 50 to 60 mL a year. What is clearly known is although confounded lung function is not regained when smoking is stopped, the rate of d ecline returns to that of a nonsmoker. The FEV1 often drops below 50% of the predicted before symptoms of COPD appear, and the patients usually present with characteristic disease at the age of 50 to 70 years. This highlights the importance of the early detection of such high-risk smokers and persuading them to stop smoking. If they can be persuaded to stop, they may never suffer from severe, disabling, and symptomatic disease. Even when a smoker has developed symptomatic disease, stopping smoking will still result in worthwhile salvage of lung function and modify life expectancy (National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions, 2004).Development of Patient Education Program Stopping smoking is the single most important intervention in COPD and the only thing that significantly alters the natural history of the disease. It is of primary importance at every stage and must be encouraged actively and continuously. In mild COPD it may be the only treatment needed and may prevent the patient ever developing severe, disabling and life-threatening illness. Therefore, a patient education program with an intention for awareness about the disease could be an acceptable approach in the early stages of the disease. Drugs or medical therapy alone cannot passing(prenominal) ensure short

Heritage Tourism in Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

hereditary pattern Tourism in Cities - Essay ExampleHowever, every heritage contains real, underlying or symbolic importance that plays a critical role in terming its perception in society. This paper examines dark tourism, focusing on marketing and interpretation of House of Terror Museum in Hungary, a traumatic site as touring sites in the contemporary society. Smith and Robinson (2006, p105) defined heritage tourism as leisure expeditions with the major objective of touring historic, natural, recreational and scenic sceneries to learn more about the past. Dark tourism is one component of heritage tourism and it involves visiting places associated with death, hurt and tragedy (Cooper, et al 2008, p49). Heritage tourism is founded on the motivations and perceptions of the consumers or holidaymakers rather than the particular characteristics that define the destination. According to Smith and Robinson (2006), the major motivation for touring heritage sites is the uniqueness of the tourism destination in relation to the tourists awareness or perception of their own heritage. Heritage tourism to a site with dark fib evokes various emotions such as nostalgia, idealism, and a feeling of belonging in the time and space (Foley and Lennon1996). Stone (2006) argues that heritage tourism is both unique and universal, because it presents a heritage for all people at a given time. Although each site has its unique characteristic, dark tourism sites present a universal message to all persons, from the message of pain to suffering and anger among other feelings that characterize human beings. Heritage sites include various inherited localities such as historic buildings, artwork and scenic areas among others. A tourist travels to the heritage site with an objective of seeing the historical artefacts. These artefacts usually form an important connection between the cultural background of tourist and his or her history or past. However, the particular historical site or ar tefact elicits different emotions and reactions from various people. Holloway (2004) argues that it could elicit emotional encounter and make the individual feel well connected with ancestors and the historical event, which makes the experience more than just a learning experience. Manino (1997) argues that dark tourism is a mysterious combination of heritage, history and tragedy. It evokes discussions of the past, present and in store(predicate) morals and ethics surrounding death of mankind. some(prenominal) of the most popular sites for dark tourism include conflict sites and death camps which figuratively or literary embrace the memory of human suffering and violence that took place in a particular historical period (Manino 1997). Disastrous events such as the turn over of the world trade centre continue to elicit attention and curiosity from different people across the world. Similarly, scenes of accidents and large-scale loss of human lives usually rick spontaneous attrac tions, where people gather to pay their respects or just to witness and experience the terrifying aftermath. The uncharacteristic connection between leisure and diversion in dark tourism has been a matter of moral and ethical discussion in the hospitality industry especially when it comes to marketing and promotion of the sites. Some heritage tourism critics contend that tourism is an immoral and inappropriate practice for presenting disturbing events of human history, such as death and tragedies and other forms of suffering. According to MacCannell (1989 p73),

Health care law case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health care law case - Essay interpreterMr Segedy appealed the comparative negligence verdict and the new trial order.Mrs Segedy suffered from lung and heart problems with likely causative agents emanating from rheumatic fever. She visited Dr I. Ibrahim who diagnosed her with mitral stenosis on June 2001 and on 21st phratry 2001 her cardiologist performed catheterization of the heart to evaluate the problem further. She was situated for heart surgery on 24th September 2001 by DR Netzley after he was consulted by her cardiologist. Mrs Segedy pardon herself to visit her children before the surgery though she had been advised to remain in the hospital by her cardiologist.The operation was performed on Monday and after Dr Netzley determined that she was stable, he placed her in the ICU. However this did not work out as the heart malfunctioned rendering Dr Netzley to refer Mrs Segedy back to the operation room. She was placed under heart go machine until 28th September 2001. The sur geon and the nurses did every little thing that would have been done by any responsible neurosurgeon to ensure the life of Mrs Segedy was not a risk.Mr Segedy sued Dr Netzley and company, Dr. Ibrahim and corporation and Summit Pulmonary and internal medicine Inc. for medicinal negligence. Mr. Segedy argued that Dr. Ibrahim failed the standard of care by failing to properly complete or reschedule a bronchoscopy, proximately causing Mrs Segedys death through a delay in diagnosis. He accused Dr Netzley of standard of care violation through transferring his wife from the operating room before she regained stability and failing to return her to the operation room immediately for appropriate medicinal care causing his wifes death. The verdict was in favor of Dr Ibrahim thus he is not party to the appeal.The jury returned a verdict against Dr Netzley of amounts of $1,755,300 but was not supported by totally the judges in the panel. After several consultations, the jury gave

Future Trends in Health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Future Trends in Health - Assignment ExampleThe major theater of operations of interest is the change magnitude cost in health care and the advances made in information technology. Cost of health care is core in ascertain health education procedures because health care costs continues to escalate, nevertheless it has been more slowly over the years which compels their prices up. Younger and healthier people are abandoned to see higher premiums because of the benefit mandates and other requirements under the health care laws. Increased individual premiums among many employees are a common phenomenon.Due to increased health rates and healthcare costs, quality assurance is taking central roles in the transformation of good health. For this reason heath information technology (HIT) has interpreted over to try and cut down the healthcare spending and in the long run increase efficiency, safety and quality of medical care obstetrical delivery. This has greatly influence the health car e education and the entire sector as whole. The major roles that IT has played in transforming healthcare education are healthcare delivery and in general how government registration supports the widespread of better and satisfactory medical services among its

Speaker presentation response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Speaker presentation response paper - Essay ExampleIt is a common behavior for people to follow their dearie teams through the dish out of social media portions. I am sure that the speaker has clearly understood the need if fresh ways to reach out to the consumers. I believe this is a rattling modern way of selling tickets because earlier consumers would give consideration to pay for the movies instead of going to the Friday basketball matches. Now with the help of social media networks including twitter, Facebook, Instagram, it is rather easier for the sellers to increase the interest of people in games. It is where the selling can in addition be done as modern ways of merchandising has helped ways to complete sells in one go. The speaker has also discussed perceived values which have been made as the focus of selling tickets. It notes that the speaker stresses on the entertainment that a family can get by going at a basketball or football match. This has been compared with fi lms where a family is bound to just tab silent and watch the film. Also, children under 18 years of age may not be entertained at the cinema. The speaker has highlighted these cons in order to grow the perceived value of sports match. I also believe that this way of enhancing the perceived value is not incorrect. ... The speaker states that it is very important to tell the consumers about the added service that they would get along with their buy. Speaker in his case states that car parking is near to the matches allowing the consumers to have ease of entering and leaving on time. Considering myself as a person who is more likely to buy the tickets to matches, I would surely be interested to know if I have good access to car parking. I will also look upon the people who I could take with myself to the match. All these points are sure to affect positively any consumer. Thus, marketing of something which might not be ones interest is possible by looking at the elements of consumer b ehavior closely and correctly. The presentation has weaved out a number of very important elements of consumer behavior which has made me interested in the products which are not bought easily. It is easier to understand that with the help of these minor elements, consumers can be affected by large. Also, the usage of social media as a way to reach out to the consumer is the prominent way of undertaking marketing because users of these sites at least connect or login 5 times minimum in a day (Lefebvre). This frequency is more likely to increase with the passage of time. Considering the researches and investigations that have been undertaken so far also confirm this practice. In fact it is recommended to these people to take a step forward to bring innovation in marketing through newer and exciting modern ways of changing consumer perception about the product. Marketing and advertising have also stressed on the significance of consumer behavior and perceived value that should be unde rlined with the product because this can bring wild increase in the sales

Contrast the development of the themes of justice and inequality in Research Paper

Contrast the development of the themes of justice and inequality in Langston Hughes poems the freedom train, Merry-Go-Round - Research Paper ExampleHughes managed to go through the odds by run shorting as nightclub door attendant and superintendent whereas he travelled to places such as West Africa, Italy, and Paris and it is from most(prenominal) of his work that he experienced heights of inequality and discriminations for being black among whites. During this time, he developed poems that enabled him to receive a scholarship to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania (Hughes and Susan 20). In this work, the rhythmic, lyrical nature of his poetry is obvious as is his conviction that only by continuing with his African lineage could African Americans finds appreciation (Anthony and Stephanie 25) however, in most cases black or African Americans were subjected to great discrimination. His emergence occurred around the same time which is being referred to Harlem Renaissance lately. The H arlem Renaissance period was characterised by deep question of African American racial orientation and identity (Hughes and Susan 18). This was also combined with the effect of slavery and racism on the generations that followed. Hughes is one of the most succeederful poets of the period. His success is not determined by the way he struggled to attain success but by the way, he represented the issues of the African Americans that he ever entangle was being undermined and regarded as dogs especially when they were formed by their white counterparts to undertake certain chores (Anthony and Stephanie 25). For instance, in his poem Madam and Her Madam, he ironically accepted the claims of get it on from his madam, I said, Madam, That may be true-- But Ill be dogged (Madam and Her Madam22). It is notable that people liked him for his contributions in the field of equality and social justices. The way he wrote the two people attempted to question the racism and the effect of such writ ing on African Americans. He also questioned the hypocrisy of the correctly choose persons. He noted that while these democratically elected people enjoyed service delivery, he suggests that their focus was on the whites (Hughes and Susan 21). This was a clear an attack on the leadership so that the African Americans could also benefit from their participation in the electoral process by having the leaders put in place plans that escalate their inclusion body (Hughes and Susan 20). It is notable that he served as the voice of hope and impartiality for the African Americans who lived in a highly racially segregated society. In this society, the African Americans routinely suffered from all manner of discrimination, bias, and utter violence. It was indeed very unfortunate that white Americans even considered and took the African Americans as their slaves. His artworks reminded people of the kind of life, which they really deserved hitherto they could not receive because the white men were in charge. He made the clarion call using the free where all are equal which he argued excluded African Americans (Hughes and Susan 18). The clarion call resonated so well with other emerging African American opinion shapers who conformed and resolved that Black Americans must have their musculus quadriceps femoris and enjoy the life provisions with liberty. The people were charged to ask about the rational for perpetuating inequality against fellow Americans because they had a different color. He argued that the

An act of courage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An act of courage - Essay Exampleo researchers on behaviors working closely with the police administration, the results obtained collapse more to tell regarding the manner in which some families conduct themselves.According to Natasha, in the article Where are the Men?, results indicate that most of the children involved in crimes and drug trafficking are the ones brought up by single mothers. Additionally, another group of the children affected by this syndrome come from families where the father is inactive in playing the office of shaping his children in learning good morals and in become self reliant. Fatherless homes suffer from invasion from any outsider since the father frame of reference is absent in such families. There is no complete love that children should draw from both parents. The mother is therefore left with a big charge that she cannot bear on her own. Later in life, I learnt that my first cousin, Johnson, engaged in drug and substance abuse due to neglect a well father in his life figure to emulate.Johnson had been reared by an industrious mother who would try her best in providing for her family. The cousin, by the name Johnson, cleared his junior school day and instead of proceeding with studies, he opted to start his own descent in the city. His initial business was a small shop selling clothing. The business succeeded and at bottom four months he had registered a significant profit. Everyone in the family got amazed at the outstanding work of Johnson. After another three months, the performance of Johnsons business started dropping, something that shocked everyone who had hope on him. The question on everyones mind was, what could be wrong? The poor performance was as a result of lack of sound business skills. Johnson did not know the concept of saving or even reinvesting.He used to spend almost every sale he makes. Johnsons mother approached Johnsons father requesting him to have a talk with the son, hoping that he would sustai n the business. Shockingly, instead of addressing

Effectiveness of Teamwork in Virtual Teams Dissertation

Effectiveness of Teamwork in Virtual Teams - Dissertation Example.566.2. Ways to solve the problem6.2.1. Virtual ag chemical group management..596.2.2. Leaderships.606.2.3. Training provided for team members.636.2.4. Trust building among team members.646.2.5. Effective communications, e.g. add the frequency of face-to-face contacts..666.2.6. Boundary Management..69Chapter 7 Case Study of Virtual Collaboration 7.1. The context and argufy.72 7.2. The challenge of building a virtual team...73 7.3. Defining a compelling challenge..73 7.4. Creating involvement ...747.5. Managing performance..75 7.6. Demonstrating commitment .767.7. Team success and illustrative outcomes ...777.8. Dynamics in a orbiculate Virtual Team..78 7.9. Implications for virtual team leaders ....78Chapter 8 Guidelines8.1.Guidelines...80Chapter 9 Conclusions9.1. Summaries and Conlusions...86BibliographyChapter 1Introduction1.1. Background introduction1.1.1. The origins of teamworkMuch of the behavior of an individu al in an system of rules is an mouthion of his place in the group to which he belongs. These groups tend to develop persistent patterns in their relations to each other. Because members identify with their own groups, they may express fairly uniform attitudes toward other groups. In some cases, well-developed patterns of antagonism are found between groups, with each being critical of the others and defensive toward itself. Thus, natural conflicts of liaison exist even in the most wisely designed organizations. The formal structure typically establishes the basis for these conflicts by the way it differentiates its work units. With all of the patience and understanding a manager can exert, differentiation across formal units and cohesion within each of them are the almost inevitable consequences of... If a group is not integrated, teamwork is likely to be minimal-regardless of efforts to develop it. Conversely, where integration in a group is high, there is greater potential for the information of teamwork. High cohesion is a necessary ingredient for the development of teamwork, but not the only one. In order for teamwork to be developed, a number of other elements are essential. Many factors verify to encourage the development of team relationships. Common membership in a particular group, the possession of a parking area terminology, the sharing of a common doctrine, common problems with regard to the current operational situation of the team, and common understandings of its significance, the possession of common means and channels of communication, the fact of frequent association, and shared values regarding the necessity for workings as a team-these are all factors that enhance the development of teamwork. Nonetheless, the presence of the above factors alone will not assure effective teamwork. In addition, the development of a closely knit team requires each member to possess a frame of reference that embraces cooperation and coordination as oper ational requirements. When people act at cross purposes, it is because they are impelled by individual, rather than common, motives or by motives that are incompatible and irreconcilable. On the other hand, teamwork develops through the efforts of individuals who possess motives that require conjunct activities for their attainment.

Billing and Coding Essay Example for Free

Billing and coding EssayHealth sympathize with Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) Level II intend nationwide codes used to report supplies and service offered within outpatient locations to Medicaid and Medi attending patients that are left out by HCPSC Level I (Current Procedural Terminology -CPT) code. Recent HIPAA federal official regulations require regular electronic claims to have Level II regulations. Many big countrywide players, like employees compensation financiers, acknowledge HCPCS level II regulations. Local Medicare transporters, business publishers, CMS, or Ingenix provide such codes (Smith, 2003).Suitable HCPCS level II regulations come before CPT codes regarding Medicare invoicing. However, numerous private players choose National do drugs Codes (NDC) or Level I regulations instead of HCPCS Level II regulations, which whitethorn confuse medical care experts, thus causing denial of claims. Medical care experts ought to confirm that they are describing the co rrect regulations to the appropriate players through careful tracking of the billing and reporting needs of specific players. Level II regulations Describes Many heath products, however, such codes do not name real products or endorse them by assigning codes.Additionally, generation of such codes happens weaken from reimbursement issues. Therefore, Level II regulations altogether serve to indicate the availability of a service or product in the wider wellness system, as opposed to justifying reimbursement (Smith, 2003). Players individually develop HCPCS Level II regulations criteria and rules which vary between players. HCPCS Level II regulations are make upd of a single alphabetical character (from A to V), then 4 digits. Letter I is excluded since it may easily be confused with number 1. each letter group represents one or more areas of comparable services or products.Every letter group, and code illustrations from specific sections, are fully described on ensuing screens (h ttp//docs. google. com/gview? a=vq=cacheDIuMS2X_QrgJwww. ngsmedicare. com/ngsmedi are/DMEMAC/educationandSupport/ToolsandMaterials/SupManual/chapter14. pdf+Level+II+o +HCPCS+applies+and+Medicarehl=engl=ke). A regulations deal with various products and services, particularly tracheostomies, urologicals, and ostomies-related supplies. A codes also embroil Affordable DME, or equipments costing not more than $150, such as nebulizer substitution equipment.A code subcategories take on transport services surgical and medical supplies and miscellaneous, investigational, and administrative supplies and services. B codes handle parenteral and enteral nutrition services and supplies. B code-reported supplies include feed supplies dietary solutions formulae and combination pumps. C codes cover services compensated under Medicares OPPS -Outpatient Prospective Payment System. They dont cover services compensated under different Medicare reimbursement systems. Private entities as well use C code s for compensation.Such codes are mandated by Medicare to report biological, devices, and drugs qualified for intermediary pass-through imbursements for health facilities and items categorized within fresh technology Ambulatory Payment Classifications (APC). D codes entail dental regulations. The American alveolar consonant Association (ADA) has copyrighted the Current Dental Terminology (CDT). ADA supplies such codes to CMS. E codes document Durable Medical Equipment (DME) like crutches, canes, commodes, walkers, pacemakers, restraints, wheelchairs, hospital beds, and patient lifts.G codes report professional medical care services and processes such as specialized services being considered for incorporation within the CPT code scheme and provisional procedures. National Medicaid organizations legally mandated to develop separate systems for recognizing psychological health services such as drug therapy and alcohol services use H codes. J codes describe drugs which are not normally self-administered, immunosuppressive and chemotherapy drugs pant solutions, plus other solutions and drugs.The proper code depends on factors like dose and administration route. K codes entail temporary DME, drugs, and supplies codes. They are generated when the applicable existing nationwide codes exclude codes needed to execute medical evaluation policies. Once endorsed for lasting incorporation into HCPCS, such codes become E, J, and A codes. L codes comprise of scoliosis apparatus, prosthetic insertions, orthopedic shoes, plus prosthetic and orphic devices and procedures. M codes cover medical services and they include M0064 M0075 M0100 M0300 and M0301.P codes cover laboratory and pathology services and include screening laboratory and pathology services like testing Papanicolaou procedures and serum products (Smith, 2003). Q codes report many supplies and services including provisional cast provisions codes which facilitate splints and casts reimbursement after the revision of Medicares compensation technology. Such codes substitute ambiguous splinting and casting supplies codes. R codes cover analytic radiology services and document moving of moveable electrocardiogram or x-ray apparatus to patients homes, nursing homes, or different facilities.The Health Insurance Association (HIAA) Blue Cross/Blue Shield Association (BCBSA) uses S codes to document services, supplies, and drugs without countrywide codes, but where private entities require codes for program and policy implementation or processing of claims. Medicaid recognizes such codes nonetheless, such are not payable. T codes report supplies and services without other stable codes. Medicaid does not accept T codes however, they may be recognized by private entities. They describe substance misdirect therapy home and nursing-related services and training-related processes.V codes cover supplied and services concerned with hear, vision, plus speech-language pathology. Vision-related provisions i nclude lenses spectacles and ocular prostheses. Hearing services consist of hearing analyses and hearing equipment and supplies. Speech language pathology processes include modification or repair of supportive communication device or system and dysphagia, language, and speech screening (http//www. lectureshare. com/download. php? q=HCPCS+overview_021532. pdfr=doc. J). References CodingaTheaUseaofaHCPCSaLevelaIIaCodesa. Retrieved August 6th 2009 from http//www.lectureshare. com/download. php? q=HCPCS+overview_021532. pdfr=doc. J Jurisdiction B DME MAC Supplier Manual. (June 2009). Level II codes and HCPS modifiers. Retrieved August 6th 2009, from http//docs. google. com/gview? a=vq=cacheDIuMS2X_QrgJwww. ngsmedicare. com/ngsmedicare/DMEMAC/educationandSupport/ToolsandMaterials/SupManual/chapter14. pdf+Level+II+of+HCPCS+applies+and+Medicarehl=engl=ke Smith, G. I. (2003). Basic CPT/HCPCS coding. Retrieved August 6th 2009, from http//library. ahima. org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahi ma/bok1_016767. pdf

Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar EssayThe author, William Shakespeare, portrays Caesar in a more favorable light compared to Plutarch. In Shakespeares Julius Caesar, Caesars character sketch is that of a just, fair, patriotic, sure and dominating leader. He is in favor of the people and always acts for their benefit. Whereas Plutarch shows Caesar as a dictator, a fearless man who does nothing completely when keep to his countersignature and disregard all kinds of modern amendments.It can only be William Shakespeare, a well-known genius praised by people for decades, can do full justice to the character of the great Roman leader, Julius Caesar, in his play. Shakespeare mentions the instance where Julius Caesar goes to the senate house where all of Brutus confederates add their petitions to those of Tillius Cimber, in behalf of his brother who was in exile, to withdraw his banishment.They kissed Caesars hand and praised him but Julius Caesar like a truly just leader did not subject to that flat tery and refused to comply with their requests. Another instance is where Caesar in spite of people inform him about the omens of the Ides of March, dutiful of his poufship still goes to the senate house and attends the meeting which he thought was to discuss important issues concerning the people of capital of Italy.Both of these instances show a true king in the face of Caesar. Caesar was most definitely a model political figure. He refused the crown three times when it was awarded by the people. All his actions showed that he cared only about the people of Rome and not about his achievements. This puts all the notions about Caesar being a dictator and unjust ambitious leader, totally wrong. Caesar truthfully contributed to Rome and its people throughout his life. 1

New competition everywhere Essay Example for Free

New competition everywhere Essay1) Discuss globalization. secern define any quatern major risks that you may perceive during globalization. Identify the challenges that MNC managers face in the 21st century. (1+2+2) 2) Draw the Open System Model for intl management briefly discuss the variables for the same. (5) 3) Discuss political risk. Define 7 typical political risk events around the world. Discuss how to asses manage political risks. (1+2+2) 4) Distinguish among e-business e-commerce. Discuss technological environment. Discuss the factors affecting the management in the intl arena. (1+1+3)1) Discuss CSV. Define human rights MNC responsibilities. Identify discuss some codification of conducts for CSR. List define some benefits of CSR in intl arena. (1+1+1+2) 2) Draw the Moral Philosophy of Cross-cultural Societal Ethics flowchart. Discuss the coition between ethics technology. Discuss the characteristics of different types of questionable payments. (1+2+2) 3) Di scuss how to manage Subsidiary-Host country interdependence. (5) Ch 03_Role of Culture1) Define culture. Draw briefly discuss the plat for environmental variables that are affecting management functions.(1+4) 2) Discuss societal organizational cultures. Identify discuss the Affects of culture on management. (1+4) 3) Identify discuss the variables that form the subsystems in a society. (5) Ch 04_Communicating across Cultures1) Draw the communication process diagram discuss the noise for the same. Define why trust-based relationship is necessary for the success of marketing communication. (2+3) 2) Identify discuss some cultural variables that influence the perceptions of other nations.

Music Of Claude Debussy And Dmitri Shostakovich Music Essay

Music Of Claude Debussy And Dmitri Shostakovich Music EssayThe Romantic era presented galore(postnominal) European composers who referred to themselves, or were referred to by others, as nationalist. Nationalism was very important because it allowed societies to incubate to remain loyal to their country and allowed the country to gain cultural identity and individuality. Our descriptions of nationalism argon extremely vague and inconsistent, as many composers practice of medicine seems to panorama under the nationalist category. This is why the definition of musical nationalism moldiness be refined, so that only composers whose music truly represents all aspects of their nation whitethorn be heralded nationalist. This means that the music must first and foremost appeal to the people and must reflect the nations cultural identity, rather than superimpose a elaboration upon it. The composer must also keep in mind the nations past and reveal hopes for the future. This means that a align nationalists music, in essence, becomes the nation by not hardly encompassing the views of one member of society, or even one group in society, but of the nation as a whole.Claude Debussy is known today as one of the great French composers who, in the words of Robert Orledge, was ever concerned with the necessity for French music to be true to itself. Orledge described his final serial publication of chamber sonatas as enveloping a chauvinistic spirit looking back to Rameau. Debussy was known for incorporating many international influences into his music, most notably the music of the Russian Five, and the Javanese gamelan. All of this considered, is it truly logical to refer to Debussys music as nationalistic, or even French for that matter? Is it not equally possible to call it Russian, since, quite arguably, most of his musical influences stem from there? Before a decision can be made concerning nationalism in Debussys music, we must show a look at the music of Dmitri Shostakovich.The creation of the Soviet labor union marked the beginning of the largest obstacle for Russian composers. It was first time in account where a governing, a secular power, had a direct say in the subject matter and appropriate style of all art forms. During the Soviet Union, it was the composers labor to acquire culture which already existed amongst the intelligentsia (the Russian intellectual class), rather than to invent their own culture. The artistic movement enforced by the Soviet government between 1936 and 1950 was known as Socialist Realism, described by Stalin as an art national in form and socialist in content. This made it nigh impossible to express or create without crossing the very fine line set by the State. Artists of the time faced constant fear of comport and unemployment. The composers who did comply with the rules, however, became terrifically wealthy and were able to thrive under Soviet rule, earning up to 10,000 rubles per work commissioned b y the Union of Soviet Composers. Dmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich was one such(prenominal) composer. During the social realist period, Shostakovich came back from a temporary downfall self-coloureder than ever with the aim to write music which was consistent with the changes brought on by the Revolution and which was, above anything else, to be created for his people. Shostakovich composed symphonies which would restore his glory and forever mark him as one of the great symphonic composers. Shostakovich had managed to please his audience by progressing in innovativeness, continuing Beethovens and Tchaikovskys knock-down(prenominal) symphonic traditions, and composing in a way that can truly be considered nationalistic.Shostakovichs music represented the epitome of Soviet nationalism and there be numerous elements present in his music which prove this. Shostakovichs main goal as a composer after his revival was to please the people which formed his nation. During an converse with an American correspondent, Shostakovich illustrated this by saying I consider that every artist who isolates himself from the world is doomed. I find it incredible that an artist should want to shut himself international from the people, who, in the end, form his audience. Shostakovichs music was in touch with the national character of the time it contained quotations of popular folk songs, was historically significant, and reflected the social realist style of the time. In an member about(predicate) Soviet music, Nicolas Slonimsky stated that, the musical biography of Shostakovich is a perfect mirror of the changing policies in Soviet music. Shostakovich is the product of Soviet life. An important physical exercise of this can be seen in Shostakovichs 7th symphony which was performed on March 1st, 1942 in the temporary capital of Kuibishev. It represented the survival and victory of the nation, inspired by the battle of Leningrad. The main theme is of a Soviet war hero which dr owns out a second hesitant, puppet-like theme representing the Germans. Shostakovich used this piece to build the morale of the nation, and helped fight the war from a cultural standpoint.It is true, however, that Shostakovich did succumb to artistic compromise during the social realist movement in order to provide for his family and continue to work as a composer. At the time, Shostakovich wrote music which was loyal to the state, but he did not necessarily agree with the governments policies. Of course, speaking out loud about his disagreement with the authorities was impossible. Contrary to popular belief, this couldnt be more irrelevant to whether or not he composed in a nationalistic style. A nation, after all, is defined by the unity of its people, and has absolutely nothing to do with the policies of its government. A composer may whole-heartedly agree with the politics of a country, but dumb fail to represent its people, its history, its culture and the nation as a whole i n their music.Of much importance, on the other hand, is the fact that Shostakovich kept the history of Russian music alive by incorporating compositional techniques used by his predecessors however, he did not do so in a strictly imitative manner. He made use of the hopelessly sombre mood and the spirit of universal humanity of Tchaikovsky, the folk elements of Prokofiev and, finally the inventiveness of Stravinskys music. In utilizing these elements, Shostakovich was able to continue his countrys strong symphonic reputation and paved the way for new composers by applying innovative orchestration, contrasting orchestral timbres, increasing chromaticism, and vigorously precise rhythms. The innovativeness Shostakovich possessed is an essential fibre to have as a nationalist composer, because without innovativeness, one cannot expect to continue the cultural and artistic legacy of a country.In the words of Ernest Newman musicians are for the most part driven to nationalism as a revol t against inappropriate influence., much like the Russians did during the 19th century when Italian and German influences were taking over. Rather than escaping foreign influence, Debussy turned to it and incorporated it into his music. Debussys music is no more French than French fries are. Just because one is called French and claims to love their country, does not mean they are intrinsically and whole-heartedly French. As Ernest Newman said however typically Russian a Russian may be, he is not a Russian if he looks, as many Russians do, beyond the borders of his own country, and finds certain aspects of foreign art more interesting than the indigenous art of the home territory. There is no doubt that Debussy was a brilliant composer, but it is quite obvious that he did look far, far beyond the influence of his own nation. How is it then, that we can even begin to consider him as a musicien franais, especially when comparing him to true nationalists like Shostakovich? Rollo H. Me yers argues that Debussy, from the very beginning of his creative career, always knew exactly what kind of music he wanted to write, and no influence whatever could have made him change his course. If he took anything from others, he only took what, in a sense, already belonged to him. This is not unlike modernizing verses of Romeo and Juliet or critical point and claiming them to be your own invention because Shakespeares timeless writing already belonged to you. It is people like Meyers who contribute to the constant false identification of nationalism in many composers music.21Slonimsky, Dmitri Dmitrievitch Shostakovitch, 415.Shostakovich, unlike Debussy, was one of the few composers to truly combine being a good musician with being a good nationalist. He was a true professional when creating his music and always found new ways of appealing to his audience. On top of all of this, he managed to deliver ground-breaking techniques and advance the future of music. His music was revo lutionary yet was not overly experimental as to cause a disconnection from his audience. This is especially remarkable considering the limitations set by the Soviet authorities. tear down though Debussy is evidently a Frenchman, if one compares him to Shostakovich, it is hard to understand how one could ever consider Debussys music as being French. This so called French shade of his music is really just his Debussyist style of composing, which is purely unique to him, and is not a reflection of his country or his people. This comparison allows us to rethink the definition of nationalism in music and what it means to truly represent a nation.To be nationalist does not mean that one must be natural or even grow up in a country. It means that one must act with the nations best interests at heart, and not look beyond that nation for influence. To be a nationalist is to, in essence, encapsulate the past, present, and future of the nation all at once, and to create music which is of th e people, by the people, for the people. One must also not be too experimental on an audience, since that immediately disengages them and does nothing to unite a nation. The musical and cultural influences brought upon by truly gifted and nationalist composers like Shostakovich were, and still are, extremely significant. Whether or not one agrees, or even whether or not Shostakovich himself agreed with the politics of the Soviet Union is irrelevant. Shostakovich wrote for his people above anything else. He reflected the cultural and historical significance of his country in his music and, despite the oppressive forces of the Soviet government, continued to compose innovatively and in a way which advanced the future of music. It would be difficult to disagree that a figure like Shostakovich was exactly what the struggling country needed at the time a truly nationalist composer who would write first and foremost for his country and for his people.

Fasciola Hepatica: Treatment and Prevention

Fasciola Hepatica Treatment and PreventionINTRODUCTIONFascioliasis is a helminthic disease fountaind by Fasciola Hepatica (liver good fortune), which spans worldwide, affecting livestock such as cattle and sheep, which become give by ingesting water or plants such as watercress, lettuce and spinach (Alatoom et al, 2008).The life cycle of Facisola Hepatica begins when eggs are excreted in the feces of an animal which has been infected. Facisola Hepatica Miricidia move on to its intermediate host (freshwater Lymnaea snail), where it produces into the cercarial form. The Cercariae consequently leave the snail and en cyst on the vegetation of fresh water, until developing into its metacercarial stage. Grazing sheep or cattle ingest the metacercariae, the infective form excyst in the intestine, passing through with(predicate) the peritoneum, later gaining access to the live and bilary tree (Alatoom et al, 2008).Due to migration of the liver flukes, the liver is left necrotized whic h compromises the function of the liver in animals. These complications may include change in the component of blood, hepatic pathogenesis, liver trauma, decreased lactation, and death (Brennan et al, 2008).Fascioliasis has resulted in a significant loss to farmers and inturn affects the economy as a whole. To control the parasites which ca intention this disease, sermons such as anthelmintic medicates have been employed in some areas. But as with most drugs problems have arisen, most importantly the development of distasteful in parasites to the chemical drugs (Anandaraj et al).This review paper will c all over different treatments available for genus Fasciola hepatica, how the parasites have developed a resistance to the available treatment, and unseasoned methods in which researchers are trying to combat the drug resistant parasites.Citronella oil and Neem oil For TreatmentAnthelmintic drugs have been employ to control fasicoliasis disease, besides there has been concern ov er parasites and developing resistance to the drugs. Citronella oil which is collected from dried grass of the species Cymbopogan nardus, and Neem oil which is also collect from dried seeds of the species genus Azadirachta indic (Anandaraj et al).Experiment were conducted in vitro, exposing the liver flukes to Citronella oil, neem oil, oxyclozanide drug powder treated control and normal RPMI-1640 control at room temperature, in separate petri-dishes. subsequently staining of the loose flukes, flukes were observed under a microscope. Results demonstrated that citronella oil demonstrate flukicidal effect which is genuinely similar to that of oxyclozanide, which affects the tegument, intestinal caeca and uterus of the flukes. But collectible to no previous study of the effects of these oils on endoparasites , the mechanism by which these oils react to the parasites in not understood (Anandaraj et al).Triclabendazole Drug TreatmentTriclabendazole is a drug derived of benzimidazole a nd is the current drug of choice in the treatment of fascioliasis. Triclabendazole has shown to target Fasciola Hepatica (liver flukes) from as early as 3 days old to full mature stage, and more importantly, this drug has been shown to successfully eradicate liver fluke infections in humans. (Brennan et al, 2008).For this experiment Eight indoor-reared Dorset X Suffolk sheep approximately 8 to 10 months of age, with no prior liver fluke infection were collected. Sheep stool was examined for fluke eggs to ensure no prior infection to the Fasciola hepatica. The sheep were then artificially infected by vocal gavage with metacercarial cysts, which have previously shown to be susceptible to the Triclabendazole drug. Dividing the sheep into two groups, two sheep were used as a control received no treatment, while six were treated with Triclabendazole four weeks afterwards artificial infection. (Brennan et al, 2008). At each time interval 48, 72, and 96 hours, two sheep were euthanized a nd livers removed for examination and show of liver flukes, this was also done for control sheep, which were euthanized after 48 hour post treatment.Visual watching demonstrated that liver flukes in the untreated sheep very active with their intestines full of contents. Flukes recovered from the treated sheep after 48 hours of treatment were active and clear sign of visible contents in the gut of the liver flukes. When compared to the liver flukes of the control, these showed no differences in appearance and activity. Liver flukes recovered from sheep after 72 hours of treatment were all dead with no gut contents, get out for one which displayed minimal activity and little contents in the gut. Liver flukes recovered 96 hours from sheep post-treatment were all dead, displaying a very pale grey color, with no contents within the gut (Brennan et al, 2008)It was observed that the effects of the drug progressive overtime time, affecting the flukes more severely as time passed. On obse rvation of the liver flukes recovered 48 hours post treatment, normal morphology was noted, there was some minor swelling of the parasites tegument. On examination of the surface morphology of the dead liver flukes from sheep treated at 96 hours post-treatment, the surface of the parasites were very serve and extensive. This Included massive loss of tegument in all flukes, the basal lamina of the fluke was exposed as the entire syncytical layer had been decorticated. Lesions exposing the inner tissues of the fluke were also observed in the basal lamina. (Brennan et al, 2008)Researchers therefore concluded that treatment with Triclabendazole is stiff in eradicating a vast majority of liver flukes in sheepwithin a three to four day power point after treatment. The severity of the disruption of the parasites tegument change magnitude over time, resulting in the total loss of tegumental syncytium and lesions as deep as the basal lamina (Brennan et al, 2008).One draw back of this drug is that is is prohibited in the use of animals that produce cheese intended for feeding humans (Cringoli et al, 2006).Parasite Drug Resistance and Development of New TreatmentWith Triciabendazole being the drug of choice for the treatment of fasciola hepatia in vetenary medicine, due to the drugs ability to fight against both juvenile and adult stages of fasciola hepatica. Over time concerns have stirred up over Triciabendazole resistant fasciola hepatia, which were first observed in Australian livestock though the mid-1990s, and has now spread across Europe and most recently, Spain. The need to develop new drugs to treat fascioliasis has become a pressing issue. Some researchers have experimented with OZ78 and Artemether for the reactivity against adult fasciola hepatia resistant to Triciabendazole (Keiser et al, 2007).30 rats were infected with 20-25 metacercarial cyst of Oberon. Oberon was reported to have low cure rates in sheep treated with Triciabendazole. 10 rats were then i nfected with 20-25 metacercarial cyst of cullompton seizes. Cullompton isolates were previously identified as Triciabendazole-sensitive. 12-15 weeks after infection, rats infected with Oberon isolate were treated with Artemether and OZ78. Two groups of rats were treated with triciabenazole in different dosages, and six treated with artemether and OZ78, with untreated rats as a control. Four of the rats infected with cullompton isolate were treated with triclabenazole, and six of the rats treated with cullompton isolate remained untreated with no drugs, serving as a control. 17 days after treatment, rats were euthanized and bile ducts were harvested for observation (Keiser et al, 2007). dispassionate results demonstrates that Triclabendazole was not suffiecient against Triclabendazole-resistant Oberon isolate of Fasiola hepatica. Though at higher dosage there was a significant worm burden reduction observed. Both Artemether and OZ78 were very effective in treating Triclabendazole-re sistant isolate of Fasiola hepatica, both resulting in worm burden reduction by 100%. (Keiser et al, 2007).Efficacy and safety of New TreatmentDue to declare action of artemether against liver flukes in rat models, researchers have found it necessary to study the efficacy and safety of this drug in which have been naturally unfected with fasciola hepatica (Keiser et al, 2008).Using Dairy sheep from farms in southern italy, stool samples were collect from 100 sheep, which were randomly selected. whole sheep tested positive for fasciola hepatica were used in the study, with an overall collection and examination of 5 stool samples. Sheep were separated in groups depending on their weight and mean eggs count. Group one containing 7 sheep remain untreated, groups two and three, containing six sheep each where orally treated with one dose of arthemether at 40 and 80 mg/kg, the last three groups four, louver and six, each containing 5 sheep received 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg respectively in tramuscular injections of artemether. The sheep were observed for any signs of adverse effects for a period of 8 hours, and once daily after treatment. On days 10 and 27 three to four stool samples were collected for examination for egg burden. All sheep were then slaughtered, removing livers and harvesting and counting fasciola hepatica present.Sheep exhibited no physical or clinical signs of toxicity after being treated orally or intramuscularly 8 hours post treatment. Researchers found that statistically there was no significant reduction in egg count in either oral or intermuscular drug administration, except for administration of 160 mg/kg, where a significant egg count reduction was noted and 64.9%.