Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar EssayThe author, William Shakespeare, portrays Caesar in a more favorable light compared to Plutarch. In Shakespeares Julius Caesar, Caesars character sketch is that of a just, fair, patriotic, sure and dominating leader. He is in favor of the people and always acts for their benefit. Whereas Plutarch shows Caesar as a dictator, a fearless man who does nothing completely when keep to his countersignature and disregard all kinds of modern amendments.It can only be William Shakespeare, a well-known genius praised by people for decades, can do full justice to the character of the great Roman leader, Julius Caesar, in his play. Shakespeare mentions the instance where Julius Caesar goes to the senate house where all of Brutus confederates add their petitions to those of Tillius Cimber, in behalf of his brother who was in exile, to withdraw his banishment.They kissed Caesars hand and praised him but Julius Caesar like a truly just leader did not subject to that flat tery and refused to comply with their requests. Another instance is where Caesar in spite of people inform him about the omens of the Ides of March, dutiful of his poufship still goes to the senate house and attends the meeting which he thought was to discuss important issues concerning the people of capital of Italy.Both of these instances show a true king in the face of Caesar. Caesar was most definitely a model political figure. He refused the crown three times when it was awarded by the people. All his actions showed that he cared only about the people of Rome and not about his achievements. This puts all the notions about Caesar being a dictator and unjust ambitious leader, totally wrong. Caesar truthfully contributed to Rome and its people throughout his life. 1

New competition everywhere Essay Example for Free

New competition everywhere Essay1) Discuss globalization. secern define any quatern major risks that you may perceive during globalization. Identify the challenges that MNC managers face in the 21st century. (1+2+2) 2) Draw the Open System Model for intl management briefly discuss the variables for the same. (5) 3) Discuss political risk. Define 7 typical political risk events around the world. Discuss how to asses manage political risks. (1+2+2) 4) Distinguish among e-business e-commerce. Discuss technological environment. Discuss the factors affecting the management in the intl arena. (1+1+3)1) Discuss CSV. Define human rights MNC responsibilities. Identify discuss some codification of conducts for CSR. List define some benefits of CSR in intl arena. (1+1+1+2) 2) Draw the Moral Philosophy of Cross-cultural Societal Ethics flowchart. Discuss the coition between ethics technology. Discuss the characteristics of different types of questionable payments. (1+2+2) 3) Di scuss how to manage Subsidiary-Host country interdependence. (5) Ch 03_Role of Culture1) Define culture. Draw briefly discuss the plat for environmental variables that are affecting management functions.(1+4) 2) Discuss societal organizational cultures. Identify discuss the Affects of culture on management. (1+4) 3) Identify discuss the variables that form the subsystems in a society. (5) Ch 04_Communicating across Cultures1) Draw the communication process diagram discuss the noise for the same. Define why trust-based relationship is necessary for the success of marketing communication. (2+3) 2) Identify discuss some cultural variables that influence the perceptions of other nations.

Music Of Claude Debussy And Dmitri Shostakovich Music Essay

Music Of Claude Debussy And Dmitri Shostakovich Music EssayThe Romantic era presented galore(postnominal) European composers who referred to themselves, or were referred to by others, as nationalist. Nationalism was very important because it allowed societies to incubate to remain loyal to their country and allowed the country to gain cultural identity and individuality. Our descriptions of nationalism argon extremely vague and inconsistent, as many composers practice of medicine seems to panorama under the nationalist category. This is why the definition of musical nationalism moldiness be refined, so that only composers whose music truly represents all aspects of their nation whitethorn be heralded nationalist. This means that the music must first and foremost appeal to the people and must reflect the nations cultural identity, rather than superimpose a elaboration upon it. The composer must also keep in mind the nations past and reveal hopes for the future. This means that a align nationalists music, in essence, becomes the nation by not hardly encompassing the views of one member of society, or even one group in society, but of the nation as a whole.Claude Debussy is known today as one of the great French composers who, in the words of Robert Orledge, was ever concerned with the necessity for French music to be true to itself. Orledge described his final serial publication of chamber sonatas as enveloping a chauvinistic spirit looking back to Rameau. Debussy was known for incorporating many international influences into his music, most notably the music of the Russian Five, and the Javanese gamelan. All of this considered, is it truly logical to refer to Debussys music as nationalistic, or even French for that matter? Is it not equally possible to call it Russian, since, quite arguably, most of his musical influences stem from there? Before a decision can be made concerning nationalism in Debussys music, we must show a look at the music of Dmitri Shostakovich.The creation of the Soviet labor union marked the beginning of the largest obstacle for Russian composers. It was first time in account where a governing, a secular power, had a direct say in the subject matter and appropriate style of all art forms. During the Soviet Union, it was the composers labor to acquire culture which already existed amongst the intelligentsia (the Russian intellectual class), rather than to invent their own culture. The artistic movement enforced by the Soviet government between 1936 and 1950 was known as Socialist Realism, described by Stalin as an art national in form and socialist in content. This made it nigh impossible to express or create without crossing the very fine line set by the State. Artists of the time faced constant fear of comport and unemployment. The composers who did comply with the rules, however, became terrifically wealthy and were able to thrive under Soviet rule, earning up to 10,000 rubles per work commissioned b y the Union of Soviet Composers. Dmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich was one such(prenominal) composer. During the social realist period, Shostakovich came back from a temporary downfall self-coloureder than ever with the aim to write music which was consistent with the changes brought on by the Revolution and which was, above anything else, to be created for his people. Shostakovich composed symphonies which would restore his glory and forever mark him as one of the great symphonic composers. Shostakovich had managed to please his audience by progressing in innovativeness, continuing Beethovens and Tchaikovskys knock-down(prenominal) symphonic traditions, and composing in a way that can truly be considered nationalistic.Shostakovichs music represented the epitome of Soviet nationalism and there be numerous elements present in his music which prove this. Shostakovichs main goal as a composer after his revival was to please the people which formed his nation. During an converse with an American correspondent, Shostakovich illustrated this by saying I consider that every artist who isolates himself from the world is doomed. I find it incredible that an artist should want to shut himself international from the people, who, in the end, form his audience. Shostakovichs music was in touch with the national character of the time it contained quotations of popular folk songs, was historically significant, and reflected the social realist style of the time. In an member about(predicate) Soviet music, Nicolas Slonimsky stated that, the musical biography of Shostakovich is a perfect mirror of the changing policies in Soviet music. Shostakovich is the product of Soviet life. An important physical exercise of this can be seen in Shostakovichs 7th symphony which was performed on March 1st, 1942 in the temporary capital of Kuibishev. It represented the survival and victory of the nation, inspired by the battle of Leningrad. The main theme is of a Soviet war hero which dr owns out a second hesitant, puppet-like theme representing the Germans. Shostakovich used this piece to build the morale of the nation, and helped fight the war from a cultural standpoint.It is true, however, that Shostakovich did succumb to artistic compromise during the social realist movement in order to provide for his family and continue to work as a composer. At the time, Shostakovich wrote music which was loyal to the state, but he did not necessarily agree with the governments policies. Of course, speaking out loud about his disagreement with the authorities was impossible. Contrary to popular belief, this couldnt be more irrelevant to whether or not he composed in a nationalistic style. A nation, after all, is defined by the unity of its people, and has absolutely nothing to do with the policies of its government. A composer may whole-heartedly agree with the politics of a country, but dumb fail to represent its people, its history, its culture and the nation as a whole i n their music.Of much importance, on the other hand, is the fact that Shostakovich kept the history of Russian music alive by incorporating compositional techniques used by his predecessors however, he did not do so in a strictly imitative manner. He made use of the hopelessly sombre mood and the spirit of universal humanity of Tchaikovsky, the folk elements of Prokofiev and, finally the inventiveness of Stravinskys music. In utilizing these elements, Shostakovich was able to continue his countrys strong symphonic reputation and paved the way for new composers by applying innovative orchestration, contrasting orchestral timbres, increasing chromaticism, and vigorously precise rhythms. The innovativeness Shostakovich possessed is an essential fibre to have as a nationalist composer, because without innovativeness, one cannot expect to continue the cultural and artistic legacy of a country.In the words of Ernest Newman musicians are for the most part driven to nationalism as a revol t against inappropriate influence., much like the Russians did during the 19th century when Italian and German influences were taking over. Rather than escaping foreign influence, Debussy turned to it and incorporated it into his music. Debussys music is no more French than French fries are. Just because one is called French and claims to love their country, does not mean they are intrinsically and whole-heartedly French. As Ernest Newman said however typically Russian a Russian may be, he is not a Russian if he looks, as many Russians do, beyond the borders of his own country, and finds certain aspects of foreign art more interesting than the indigenous art of the home territory. There is no doubt that Debussy was a brilliant composer, but it is quite obvious that he did look far, far beyond the influence of his own nation. How is it then, that we can even begin to consider him as a musicien franais, especially when comparing him to true nationalists like Shostakovich? Rollo H. Me yers argues that Debussy, from the very beginning of his creative career, always knew exactly what kind of music he wanted to write, and no influence whatever could have made him change his course. If he took anything from others, he only took what, in a sense, already belonged to him. This is not unlike modernizing verses of Romeo and Juliet or critical point and claiming them to be your own invention because Shakespeares timeless writing already belonged to you. It is people like Meyers who contribute to the constant false identification of nationalism in many composers music.21Slonimsky, Dmitri Dmitrievitch Shostakovitch, 415.Shostakovich, unlike Debussy, was one of the few composers to truly combine being a good musician with being a good nationalist. He was a true professional when creating his music and always found new ways of appealing to his audience. On top of all of this, he managed to deliver ground-breaking techniques and advance the future of music. His music was revo lutionary yet was not overly experimental as to cause a disconnection from his audience. This is especially remarkable considering the limitations set by the Soviet authorities. tear down though Debussy is evidently a Frenchman, if one compares him to Shostakovich, it is hard to understand how one could ever consider Debussys music as being French. This so called French shade of his music is really just his Debussyist style of composing, which is purely unique to him, and is not a reflection of his country or his people. This comparison allows us to rethink the definition of nationalism in music and what it means to truly represent a nation.To be nationalist does not mean that one must be natural or even grow up in a country. It means that one must act with the nations best interests at heart, and not look beyond that nation for influence. To be a nationalist is to, in essence, encapsulate the past, present, and future of the nation all at once, and to create music which is of th e people, by the people, for the people. One must also not be too experimental on an audience, since that immediately disengages them and does nothing to unite a nation. The musical and cultural influences brought upon by truly gifted and nationalist composers like Shostakovich were, and still are, extremely significant. Whether or not one agrees, or even whether or not Shostakovich himself agreed with the politics of the Soviet Union is irrelevant. Shostakovich wrote for his people above anything else. He reflected the cultural and historical significance of his country in his music and, despite the oppressive forces of the Soviet government, continued to compose innovatively and in a way which advanced the future of music. It would be difficult to disagree that a figure like Shostakovich was exactly what the struggling country needed at the time a truly nationalist composer who would write first and foremost for his country and for his people.

Fasciola Hepatica: Treatment and Prevention

Fasciola Hepatica Treatment and PreventionINTRODUCTIONFascioliasis is a helminthic disease fountaind by Fasciola Hepatica (liver good fortune), which spans worldwide, affecting livestock such as cattle and sheep, which become give by ingesting water or plants such as watercress, lettuce and spinach (Alatoom et al, 2008).The life cycle of Facisola Hepatica begins when eggs are excreted in the feces of an animal which has been infected. Facisola Hepatica Miricidia move on to its intermediate host (freshwater Lymnaea snail), where it produces into the cercarial form. The Cercariae consequently leave the snail and en cyst on the vegetation of fresh water, until developing into its metacercarial stage. Grazing sheep or cattle ingest the metacercariae, the infective form excyst in the intestine, passing through with(predicate) the peritoneum, later gaining access to the live and bilary tree (Alatoom et al, 2008).Due to migration of the liver flukes, the liver is left necrotized whic h compromises the function of the liver in animals. These complications may include change in the component of blood, hepatic pathogenesis, liver trauma, decreased lactation, and death (Brennan et al, 2008).Fascioliasis has resulted in a significant loss to farmers and inturn affects the economy as a whole. To control the parasites which ca intention this disease, sermons such as anthelmintic medicates have been employed in some areas. But as with most drugs problems have arisen, most importantly the development of distasteful in parasites to the chemical drugs (Anandaraj et al).This review paper will c all over different treatments available for genus Fasciola hepatica, how the parasites have developed a resistance to the available treatment, and unseasoned methods in which researchers are trying to combat the drug resistant parasites.Citronella oil and Neem oil For TreatmentAnthelmintic drugs have been employ to control fasicoliasis disease, besides there has been concern ov er parasites and developing resistance to the drugs. Citronella oil which is collected from dried grass of the species Cymbopogan nardus, and Neem oil which is also collect from dried seeds of the species genus Azadirachta indic (Anandaraj et al).Experiment were conducted in vitro, exposing the liver flukes to Citronella oil, neem oil, oxyclozanide drug powder treated control and normal RPMI-1640 control at room temperature, in separate petri-dishes. subsequently staining of the loose flukes, flukes were observed under a microscope. Results demonstrated that citronella oil demonstrate flukicidal effect which is genuinely similar to that of oxyclozanide, which affects the tegument, intestinal caeca and uterus of the flukes. But collectible to no previous study of the effects of these oils on endoparasites , the mechanism by which these oils react to the parasites in not understood (Anandaraj et al).Triclabendazole Drug TreatmentTriclabendazole is a drug derived of benzimidazole a nd is the current drug of choice in the treatment of fascioliasis. Triclabendazole has shown to target Fasciola Hepatica (liver flukes) from as early as 3 days old to full mature stage, and more importantly, this drug has been shown to successfully eradicate liver fluke infections in humans. (Brennan et al, 2008).For this experiment Eight indoor-reared Dorset X Suffolk sheep approximately 8 to 10 months of age, with no prior liver fluke infection were collected. Sheep stool was examined for fluke eggs to ensure no prior infection to the Fasciola hepatica. The sheep were then artificially infected by vocal gavage with metacercarial cysts, which have previously shown to be susceptible to the Triclabendazole drug. Dividing the sheep into two groups, two sheep were used as a control received no treatment, while six were treated with Triclabendazole four weeks afterwards artificial infection. (Brennan et al, 2008). At each time interval 48, 72, and 96 hours, two sheep were euthanized a nd livers removed for examination and show of liver flukes, this was also done for control sheep, which were euthanized after 48 hour post treatment.Visual watching demonstrated that liver flukes in the untreated sheep very active with their intestines full of contents. Flukes recovered from the treated sheep after 48 hours of treatment were active and clear sign of visible contents in the gut of the liver flukes. When compared to the liver flukes of the control, these showed no differences in appearance and activity. Liver flukes recovered from sheep after 72 hours of treatment were all dead with no gut contents, get out for one which displayed minimal activity and little contents in the gut. Liver flukes recovered 96 hours from sheep post-treatment were all dead, displaying a very pale grey color, with no contents within the gut (Brennan et al, 2008)It was observed that the effects of the drug progressive overtime time, affecting the flukes more severely as time passed. On obse rvation of the liver flukes recovered 48 hours post treatment, normal morphology was noted, there was some minor swelling of the parasites tegument. On examination of the surface morphology of the dead liver flukes from sheep treated at 96 hours post-treatment, the surface of the parasites were very serve and extensive. This Included massive loss of tegument in all flukes, the basal lamina of the fluke was exposed as the entire syncytical layer had been decorticated. Lesions exposing the inner tissues of the fluke were also observed in the basal lamina. (Brennan et al, 2008)Researchers therefore concluded that treatment with Triclabendazole is stiff in eradicating a vast majority of liver flukes in sheepwithin a three to four day power point after treatment. The severity of the disruption of the parasites tegument change magnitude over time, resulting in the total loss of tegumental syncytium and lesions as deep as the basal lamina (Brennan et al, 2008).One draw back of this drug is that is is prohibited in the use of animals that produce cheese intended for feeding humans (Cringoli et al, 2006).Parasite Drug Resistance and Development of New TreatmentWith Triciabendazole being the drug of choice for the treatment of fasciola hepatia in vetenary medicine, due to the drugs ability to fight against both juvenile and adult stages of fasciola hepatica. Over time concerns have stirred up over Triciabendazole resistant fasciola hepatia, which were first observed in Australian livestock though the mid-1990s, and has now spread across Europe and most recently, Spain. The need to develop new drugs to treat fascioliasis has become a pressing issue. Some researchers have experimented with OZ78 and Artemether for the reactivity against adult fasciola hepatia resistant to Triciabendazole (Keiser et al, 2007).30 rats were infected with 20-25 metacercarial cyst of Oberon. Oberon was reported to have low cure rates in sheep treated with Triciabendazole. 10 rats were then i nfected with 20-25 metacercarial cyst of cullompton seizes. Cullompton isolates were previously identified as Triciabendazole-sensitive. 12-15 weeks after infection, rats infected with Oberon isolate were treated with Artemether and OZ78. Two groups of rats were treated with triciabenazole in different dosages, and six treated with artemether and OZ78, with untreated rats as a control. Four of the rats infected with cullompton isolate were treated with triclabenazole, and six of the rats treated with cullompton isolate remained untreated with no drugs, serving as a control. 17 days after treatment, rats were euthanized and bile ducts were harvested for observation (Keiser et al, 2007). dispassionate results demonstrates that Triclabendazole was not suffiecient against Triclabendazole-resistant Oberon isolate of Fasiola hepatica. Though at higher dosage there was a significant worm burden reduction observed. Both Artemether and OZ78 were very effective in treating Triclabendazole-re sistant isolate of Fasiola hepatica, both resulting in worm burden reduction by 100%. (Keiser et al, 2007).Efficacy and safety of New TreatmentDue to declare action of artemether against liver flukes in rat models, researchers have found it necessary to study the efficacy and safety of this drug in which have been naturally unfected with fasciola hepatica (Keiser et al, 2008).Using Dairy sheep from farms in southern italy, stool samples were collect from 100 sheep, which were randomly selected. whole sheep tested positive for fasciola hepatica were used in the study, with an overall collection and examination of 5 stool samples. Sheep were separated in groups depending on their weight and mean eggs count. Group one containing 7 sheep remain untreated, groups two and three, containing six sheep each where orally treated with one dose of arthemether at 40 and 80 mg/kg, the last three groups four, louver and six, each containing 5 sheep received 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg respectively in tramuscular injections of artemether. The sheep were observed for any signs of adverse effects for a period of 8 hours, and once daily after treatment. On days 10 and 27 three to four stool samples were collected for examination for egg burden. All sheep were then slaughtered, removing livers and harvesting and counting fasciola hepatica present.Sheep exhibited no physical or clinical signs of toxicity after being treated orally or intramuscularly 8 hours post treatment. Researchers found that statistically there was no significant reduction in egg count in either oral or intermuscular drug administration, except for administration of 160 mg/kg, where a significant egg count reduction was noted and 64.9%.

Change management report on Vodafone plc

Change solicitude report on Vodafone plcVodafone is highly attach mobile fraternity in the world since 1985. It is worlds leading telecom company. Today it has more than 359 million customers approximately the world. Their net act upon provides facilities to sh atomic number 18 images and videos, to share feeling and thoughts. approximately customers prefer Vodafone as compare to fixed line and broadband services. Vodafone recognized that day to day spick-and-span matters are being inventing and customers needs are changing rapidly. Vodafone understand that to success in business transmutes mustiness be med in judicature. It is looking for in the altogether and innovative ways to facilitate the customers and provide e really hazard in simple way. The connectivity of technology with telecommunication industries live ons the economic development of a country.ROLE OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONAccording to researches conducted on legion(predicate) top organizati ons shows that the main(prenominal) reason for aim failure is that batchs have distinct dimension of transform. The effective passation of salmagundi prudence is considered one of the top trinity factors in a successful spue.Change Management whatsoeverwhat simple definitionsChange management making transfigure in a designed and controlled way.organisational multifariousness any modification, amendment in people, organizational structure or technology.Types of reassignNormally there are four types of neuter which can be choose in any organizationoperating(a) variety show Applying swops to way of continuing operations of the business. For example form from manual to automation of any particular area. strategical changes Modifications that larn place towards the intentional business direction.Cultural changes Those change which affect the basic values and beliefs of the organization on which business objective can be achieved.Political changes These types of change s normally occur in government organization with political govern.DEALING WITH RESISTANCE TO CHANGEPeople refuse to accept change, whenever management intends to change in organization. Large investment is make for company changes, and for their efforts towards change, the only reason that try to stop the process of change is oppositeness among employees. Sometimes change whitethorn be dangerous for the employees working in organization, but changes besides have positive effects at higher level management for advantage of organization. Some of the reasons for resistances are by-line. in detail should be plowed later.It is obvious that people dont like those changes which are against their needs and interest. There are three main reasons on which people resist change.Hesitation or ambiguityWorry ab off personal lossThink that the change is not better for organizations objectives.Techniques for lessen resistanceFor reducing resistance, different approaches are adapted by managem ent. These approaches may complicateContributionFacilities and supportAwareness and educationNegotiationForceful and friendly behavior antithetical approaches at different times are used by management depends on source and type of modification.ADVANTAGES OF CHANGE MANAGEMENTThe advantages of change management includeUnderstanding of surrounding It is important for managers to understand assess the milieu and outside surrounding in order to establish better relationship with government and new(prenominal) stakeholders. For change management it will benefit that what is going on in surrounding.Objectives, policy making and completion Other advantage is that by knowing the clashing of change at irrelevant level on internal environment, the managers can set policy and implement change after careful consideration.Human vision The recipients of the change are the employees of the organization, whenever change is implanted. Senior managers should make organization about reliable for high performance of employees in competitive environment.Technological problems It is great and punk challenge for organization to acquire and combine the technology with organizations tactic, structure and course of actions. In todays environment, we can say that technology is the heart of economic growth.CHANGES IN VODAFONEOperational change was incorporated by Vodafone in order to achieve operational brilliances in the field of telecommunication industry the operational change was implemented with greater level of management by Vodafone due to good experiences in telecommunication industry for many an(prenominal) years. The continuing process of the organization may me disrupted by unplanned implementation of change ad may discontinue the ongoing operational process. Normally operational changes in organization make modification in work process. People do not want to accept changes be serve they dont want to change their daily routine of the processes.BEST APPROACH ADOPTED BY V ODAFONE in the lead adopting change, Vodafone shared the methods and consequences of change with employees. Vodafone considers the opinions shared by employees, and other stakeholders with great responsibility.Operational changesThe change was implemented by Vodafone in various sessions. Before implementing change in whole business unit, Firstly the change was implemented in one department of business unit strategy. The benefit of this is that it provides the opportunity to employees of Vodafone to understand, and recognize the change is occurring around them. This process of implementing change in slow and balances way helps Vodafone employees gain knowledge of new process rapidly and efficiently as possible. For this goal the operational change was implemented in organized and planned manner by Vodafone.Strategic changesWhen there is real and extensive need for strategic change in organization structure, Vodafone realizes and incorporates the strategic change. Strategic changes are very sensitive in internal and external environment, the strategic changes makes strong effects on the strategic policy of the company and in establishing the brand name of the company in the eyes of consumers. The strategic changes were handled by Vodafone for acquiring new marketplace and industries for their satisfaction. The problem faced by Vodafone in use the change is changing to spirited environment, the ability to change quickly, competently, and fruitfully in all the incidences.These organizational changes may involve in most of the cases different types and levels of loss for the organization and employees. For example, some extra efforts and input from different people are required in every type of change in organization for understanding the change in operation, the employee think that it is waste of time and resources, it can be used any other activity. On the other side most of the employees welcome the change and think that its a learning opportunity, some emplo yees do not want to contribute time and energy required for change unless change is for the benefit of the employee and employees are dissatisfied with the current activities of the organization. Other reason for acceptance of change is some employees may like to discover any decency in the change. sizeableness OF CHANGE MANAGEMENTChange management is very important concept. It is an integral part of business management, but due to increase in information technology it creates seriousness. Good business can be operated by good change management system. Change management was very important for Vodafone because it has to compete with other telecommunication organization. Change management is not only to implement the new approach but it also include control of technology infrastructure telecommunication system in which changes are handled with organized, efficient, consistent, precise and limited approach. In Vodafone changes caused fro technology, increase in competition and new faci lities which are required by customers. To provide high rank of services like multimedia, good voice quality, rapidly connecting with people, high speed GPRS etc, changes are very important for providing these services.REASONS FOR CHANGEThere are many reasons which cause the change in Vodafone. Because the business of the Vodafone is depend on technology, the main factor for change is technology. Some of the other factors are followingPurpose In todays environment changes are occurring in place of work. It is very important for the organization for the competition with other organizations to remain flexible and find new ways of doing business from which purpose can be achieved. The purpose of Vodafone is to provide competitive facilities to customers, so it causes the change management program.Facilities The change basically refers adjustment in services and facilities such as new policies, new need of customers, the services provided by competitor, implementing new technology for providing new facilities, change in structure fir providing new facilities, making new departments etc. Vodafone regularly changes the technology and implement the change for providing new facilities.Exterior causes Organizational change may occur due to pressures of environment like change in market demands, competitors new facility, financial limitation etc. due to technology and competitors new services cause the Vodafone to change the technology and provide new services.Environment The changes in environment also caused the organization to change such as political influence, legal problems, and availability of resources. Vodafone also needs changes in some services because legal environment may restrict in some conditions.Involvement of third party The investors may make pressures on management to take actions for improvement, it may cause change. When profits of Vodafone was low in initial stage the investors got involved, that cause a great change in organization structure.Str ategy To increase the business value, the management may consider that to run the business effectively, some changes may be necessary in the strategies to achieve the business objective.REASONS FOR THE COMPANY TO embroil THE CHANGEThose people who see on past and present only, can miss the benefits of future. We can say that change is law of life. Change is unavoidable. Every thing is changing regularly such as world, globe, procedure of business, method of communication etc. most of the people resist the change without analyzing it. The main reason for change e in Vodafone is technology. Due to this reason Vodafone has to change its structure, hire new employee, changes in facilities and services, training to employees, change its working environment. In short the increase in technology development everything has to change for using that technology effectively in Vodafone.CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESSThe change management process is the sequence of actions or move which a change mana gement tam has to follow for applying the change management to a plan or modification.The phases of change management processThe Vodafone must use following change management process model in order to achieve success in implementing changePhase 1 Preparing for change In this step the management should first of all describe and explain the change management approach, select the members for team up and prepare a change management team, develop finance model.Phase 2 Managing change It is a detailed planning and it also includes change management implementation. For managing change the change management team should develop plans for change management, and then take necessary actions for implementing those plans.Phase 3 Reinforcing change This process normally includes data gathering and steps taken for bettering actions. To strength the change the change management team should obtain feedback and evaluate it for effective change implementation, mention gaps, manage resistance, implem ent remedial action and when change gets success celebrate it.STAKE HOLDERS ANALYSISThe organizational chart and relevant external bodies can be used for identification of the types of stakeholders. Before beginning the project formation it is necessary to identify all the relevant stakeholder groups for ensuring that all the items have covered. After identification the organization should converse with stakeholders to identify their desires and views, consider them into the overall project requirement. We can say that this step is a consultative approach with each stakeholder to identify different needs, desires and wants of stakeholders and then include them in the project for change management. Considering the satisfying importance of individuals, their requirements, wants, desires and needs is a susceptible area and most organizations avoid discussing the relevance and importance of the other peoples. If the change management team has decided to discuss with stakeholders then the organization shall tick off the best approach or way for implementing change. All stakeholders must e informed and have reasonable knowledge of what is expect form them and about their reaction. After consideration of stake holders level and project requirement level, management tam has the sufficient information of each factor of change plan and these factors contribute in making key decisions.OTHER PROCESS FOR SUCCESSFUL CHANGEWe have many experiences for change which we have faced during work and life, then why in initiating change struggle most off the organization fail. We observe that only 20% to 25% changes get success. The change is very important to remain competitive in the market. Due to nature of the business of Vodafone it is necessary for it to remain flexible and make modifications regularly. Whether the change is of an amalgamation or acquisition, reformation, main system implementation, or a shift. Change management is becoming a desirable main proficiency for businesses, it enable in achieving competitive improvement support by their capability to change rapidly, and help in maintaining high performance and confidence. There are following key steps to ensure successful changeEstablish an unambiguous business fundamental principle Normally organizational change resulted from a business requirement or opportunity. The ambiguous in the underlying principles results in plan that seep away from their objective, gradually withdraw. For doing change every organizational proposal should be combined with business case. In this way the fluctuations in business situation can not be caused by change struggle. The features of change in business policy can only result in alteration or amendment in change proposal.Review organizational promise It motivates the employees to alter work. To ensure successful change the organization should know employees issues, determine their willingness, and report existing barriers.Determine and express obvious outco mes For improving organizational performance, workers satisfaction, faithfulness and efficiency, take some actions and be brave in stating them to achieve change. The organizations should attempt to determine in order to take appropriate action for successful change. Normally most of the organizations gauge satisfaction levels, not gauge the behaviors which will normally made from satisfaction. In every case we support our customers with organizational change whether the desired outcomes are quantifiable on not.Put out the change To success in this step some of the approaches must be followed. These approaches depend uponcontent of changenature of changeculture of organizationSome of the specific approaches are followingA complete development plan should be developed which starts from the change stage to point where results are able to seen.Organizations existing system and policies should be connected with the change efforts, if possible, and spontaneously make it as part of organ izations structure and policy and procedures.For confirming the success of people in change situation, necessary performance support must be provided.Above four steps basically cover the route for efforts in successful change. For success of the organizational change, there are also two extra continuing activities.Managing organizational cultureRecovery from problems of individual and organizationRECOMMENDATIONSVodafone should focus on long term business problem answerVodafone should consider the stakeholders both internally as well as externally (at local level)for improvements in future and managing change Vodafone shouldprovide training to employees dealing with customers and handling queryVodafones current status of compliance with code of conduct should be available at local operating corporationsVodafone should use the technique for reducing resistance and provide the employees any kind of incentive for accepting changeFor achieving success in change implementation, Vodafone should adopt change management process.Vodafone should determine the reasons for change and make analysis for their solution.Vodafone should also consider both the advantages and disadvantages of current system and desired system.Before any modification, Vodafone should know the stakeholders who will be affected from change and discuss with them for a better result.Vodafone should observe the reasons for change and consider how these caused influence the organization.CONCLUSIONThis report contained change management aspects of Vodafone and some general concepts. There are many approaches for change management provided by different theorist. One of the best approaches for Vodafone which they have applied is apply the operational change in different sessions. The change management plays very important role in organization because change is unavoidable. Every thing is continuously changing for example technology, our communication style, need of customers etc. so the organization shoul d know the importance of change and for achieving desired result considers the how we can achieve desired result by changing ay aspect of the organization. There are commonly four types of change. In this report we analyzed the two changes in Vodafone and their approaches. Employees refuse to accept change because there may be ambiguity in reporting or hesitation among employees or think that change is wastage of time and resources or the change is not better for the organizations objectives. For getting success in implement ting change the Vodafone can follow the change management process which contains three steps. For changing effective it is a good tool for preparing, managing and making the change. Its steps include preparing for change (select members for change management teal and define the change), managing change (development of plan and then implementation of change by using those plans) and reinforcing change (obtain feedback, identify gaps, take remedial action for impl ementation). Another model for successful change may include these steps. First establishment of a clear business conventionalism or underlying principle, then determine the outcomes, review the promises impliedly or expressly done by the organization and in final stage carry out the change. The main cause for change in Vodafone is that the needs of customers and the services of the competitors are regularly changing, so for serving the customers and fulfilling the needs of customers and compete with the other organizations it is necessary for the Vodafone to castrate its services. Other factors also cause the change in Vodafone which may include the purpose because it was very difficult for Vodafone to achieve its purposes easily so it becomes reason for change, another(prenominal) reason is the change in facilities, external causes and environmental conditions cause the situation for change, third party intervention in performing procedures for achieving desired result change in strategy causes the overall change in the organization. For future success in change management the Vodafone should consider both stakeholders internally and externally, observe the influence of environment, consider advantages and disadvantages, discuss with all effectors and should introduce incentive plan for reducing resistance.

Explain John Proctors Struggle with his Conscience :: Salem Witch Trials The Crucible Essays

Explain hindquarters Proctors Struggle with his ConscienceConscienceThe conscience, the knowledge of right and wrong that affects actionsand behaviour the senses of guilt or virtue thusly by actions,behaviour etc. An innermost thought. (PH English dictionary)John Proctor has a terrible struggle with his conscience, particularlytowards the end of the play. John proctors conscience is enounce him thathe shouldnt give into the pressure of the court, that he should standproud and not tell the court lies. His conscience is telling him heshouldnt lie or hold out the court and then his death, hanging from thenoose, can be a proud one, accepted with honour after making his loveand more significantly his ataraxis with God.However his natural instinct, given to him upon his birth is tellinghim to lie. That he should lose his good visit, confess to dealing withwitchcraft. Telling him to lose some, perhaps all the delight in peoplehave for him but to keep his life. To lose his gravitas b ut to keep hislife. To live to see his children grow up, to see his unborn child beborn, to watch his wife grow old with him. But most importantly tolive, and to be free, and not to experience death till he is older.Live and lie, losing your dignity and all the respect youve earned,or die, but keep your good name, and let your children grow up with agood name. Leaving your life with an unblemished name.John chose death, although before he chose death he was prepared tochoose life, he wanted to live, yet more than this he wanted anunblemished name. More importantly than this he wanted his children,and their children, and their childrens children to have a name to beproud of. Proctor. He did not want them to be left with the name of awitch.Because it is my name (The Crucible, Act 4)John Proctor says the above quote, which simply reinforces everythingI wrote earlier. John does not want to give up his name he cannothave other in this life. Better to have one unblemished name. Thanto ha ve hundreds of names all tainted in one way or another. John doesnot want to give up his good name he would rather give up his life,which we see in the rather gruesome and sudden termination of the play.This shows John Proctors personal struggle with himself. He wanted tolive, yet he also wanted to keep his good name. He couldnt do bothand in the end he chose his name. He was fighting with himself right

Existentialism Essay -- essays research papers

Existentialism, which spread rapidly over continental Europe after the First charitableity War, is essentially the analysis of the condition of man, of the particular state of being free, and of mans having constantly to use his freedom in order top answer the ever- changing and unlooked-for challenges of the day. According to the Existentialists, the starting point of every philosophical investigation is concrete human costence. That means that human personality in itself should point the way to the absolute value of reality. A single definition of existentialist philosophy is impossible. Definitions, provided by dictionaries are only part of what existentialism is about. central to each definition is the assertion that existentialism is a theory or statement about the nature of mans existence. (1) The term is so difficult to define because, unlike other terms, existentialism is not universal. In other words, there are no two existentialists, which share exactly the same valu es or beliefs. Although, here is one major theme a stress on individual existence, subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice. There are two kinds of existentialist first those who are Christian, and on the other hand the atheistic existentialists. many unfamiliar with the subject people associate existentialism with atheism, but they are wrong. The truth is that the majority of existentialists are not atheists. Sartre, which we place among atheists, stress that central stir of philosophy is human existence. He says that human being is a special kind of consciousness (being-for- itself). Everything else is matter (being-in-itself). He believes that human being has no God-given issue and is absolutely free and absolutely responsible. According to him, anguish is the result of the absolute freedom and responsibility. He also says that human existence is absurd and unjustified. Therefore, the goal of human being is to justify his/her existence.(2)      Sartre be lieves that there are those in our history who have established a religion to reassure nothing more than what he calls a "fundamental project." That means that when we become anguished by the affairs of life we pursue a fundamental project in attempt to flee this anguish. He says that we try to make ourselves Gods in hopes that others would see us divine, and hold us in higher regard. To pursue a fundame... ...ice and this choice was his and his alone. This shows us again that we everlastingly have choices, no matter what we might use as an excuse. 1)     Barnes, Wesley. "Is Existentialism Definable?" The Philosophy and Literature of Existentialism. Woodbury Barrons Educational Series, Inc., 1968 2)      Douglas W. Shrader, Ashok K. Malhotra. "Pathways To Philosophy". Prentice Hall, Upper lodge River, New Jersey, 1996. p. 83-86, 87-93, 97-100 3)     SartresThoughtsOnPersonality,http//library.think quest.org/18775/sartre/pers.htm 4)     As above 5)      Roberts, David E. "Introduction" Existentialism and Religious belief" New York Oxford University Press, 1959. 6)      Robert C. Solomon. "The Big Qestions" Harcourt Brace College Publishers, New York, 1998, p.241-273. 7)      Soren Kierkergaard,ysiwyg//16/http//www.fortunecity.com/263/exist/kierk.html 8)      Existentialism And Soren Kierkergaard, httpwww.tameri.com/csw/exist/kierk.html.